Ubushyuhe buri hejuruinsinga ya fibre optiquebigira uruhare runini mu miyoboro ya peteroli na gaze.insinga ya fiber optique yo hanzenainsinga ya fibre optique yo munsi y'ubutakakwihanganiraigitutu kigera kuri psi 25.000 n'ubushyuhe bugera kuri 347°F. Insinga ya fibrebifasha mu buryo bwihuse kandi bukwirakwizwa, bigatanga amakuru nyayo ku mutekano w'imiyoboro n'imikorere yayo.
Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe
- Insinga za fibre optique zishyuha cyane zihanganira ubushyuhe bukabije, igitutu, n'imiti, bigatuma habaho kugenzura neza imiyoboro ya peteroli na gazi mu buryo bwizewe kandi bunoze.
- Ikoranabuhanga rikwirakwizwa mu gupima amakuru nka DTS na DAS ritanga amakuru nyayo kugira ngo rimenye aho amazi ava, aho ahagarara, n'ibindi bibazo hakiri kare, bigabanya ibyago n'ikiguzi.
- Guhitamo ubwoko bw'insinga bukwiyeno gusiga bitanga umusaruro wizewe mu bidukikije bikomeye, bifasha umutekano w’imiyoboro mu gihe kirekire no kugira icyo igeraho mu mikorere yayo.
Ibibazo n'ibisabwa ku nsinga za Fiber Optic mu miyoboro ya peteroli na gaze
Ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ibidukikije byangiritse
Imiyoboro ya peteroli na gaze ishyira insinga za fiber optique mu bihe bikomeye cyane. Abakoresha basaba insinga zihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi, umuvuduko mwinshi, n'imiti ihumanya. Imbonerahamwe ikurikira igaragaza imibare y'ingenzi ku mikorere y'insinga zikoreshwa muri ibi bidukikije:
| Igipimo / Ikiranga | Ibisobanuro / Imibare |
|---|---|
| Ingano y'ubushyuhe bw'imikorere | Irenza 300°C ku migozi ifata umwobo |
| Ubudahangarwa bw'umuvuduko | Kugeza kuri psi 25.000 mu bigega bidasanzwe |
| Ibiranga kurwanya ingese | Ubudahangarwa butuma umwuka wijima uterwa na hydrogen, imigozi itwikiriwe na carbon igabanya ubukana bw'umwuka uterwa na hydrogen |
| Ikoranabuhanga ryo gusiga | Irangi rya poliimide, karuboni, na fluoride byongera ubudahangarwa bw'imiti |
| Amabwiriza agenga ubushyuhe | Ubushyuhe -55°C kugeza kuri 200°C, kugeza kuri 260°C mu kirere, 175°C mu gihe cy'imyaka 10 (ibisobanuro bya Saudi Aramco SMP-9000) |
| Porogaramu zihariye | Gukurikirana amariba yo munsi y'inyanja, gucukura mu mazi, inganda zikora peteroli |
Gukurikirana amakuru mu gihe nyacyo no kuyasuzuma neza
Insinga ya Fiber optique ifashaigenzura rihoraho, mu gihe nyacyoubushyuhe, umuvuduko, n'imbaraga ku miyoboro. Ikoranabuhanga rya fibre optique rikwirakwizwa (DFOS) rimenya ibintu bitari byo n'amazi asohoka mu ntera ndende, rifasha mu guhita rikora no kugabanya ibyago. Abakoresha bakoresheje uburyo bwo kumenya ubushyuhe n'amajwi mu kugenzura ubuziranenge bwa sima, kumenya inzira inyura hagati y'uturere tw'ibigega, no kumenya ibikoresho bigenzura kwinjira. Izi porogaramu zinoza umusaruro kandi zikagabanya igihe cyo kwinjira. Sisitemu za fibre optique zitanga serivisi.umuyoboro munini w'itumanaho n'ubudahangarwa ku buryo amashanyarazi adashobora kwivanga, kugenzura ko amakuru yoherezwa neza kugira ngo akurikiranwe ari kure.
Umutekano, Kwizerwa, no Kuyubahiriza
Abakoresha imiyoboro bahura n'imbogamizi nyinshi mu gushyiraho no kubungabunga sisitemu za fiber optique:
- Gushyiraho neza sensor ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo hirindwe ko amazi atembera nabi.
- Ibyuma byo gukata bya Fiber Bragg birahenda cyane ku miyoboro miremire.
- Utwuma tw’ikoranabuhanga rya fiber optique dukwirakwijwe dukenera imiterere igoye.
- Imyitwarire ya viscoelastic y'ibikoresho nka HDPE igora uburyo bwo gupima neza.
- Uburyo bwo kumenya ijwi rikwirakwizwa bukenera uburyo bwo gutunganya ibimenyetso buhanitse bitewe n'ibimenyetso bihindagurika bya vibration.
- Imiyoboro y'ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa sensor mu turere twa kure ikenera ingufu zihagije kandi yongera ikiguzi cy'imikorere.
Icyitonderwa:Ibisubizo by'insinga za fibre optiquebafasha abakora ibikorwa byabo kubahiriza amabwiriza, kongera umutekano, no kwemeza ko imikorere yabo yizewe mu bihe bikomeye.
Ikoranabuhanga rya Fiber Optic Cable n'Ibisubizo ku Bushyuhe Bukabije
Uburyo bwo kumenya ubushyuhe bukwirakwira (DTS) n'uburyo bwo kumenya amajwi akwirakwira (DAS)
Gupima ubushyuhe bukwirakwizwa (DTS) na Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) byahinduye uburyo bwo kugenzura imiyoboro mu nganda za peteroli na gaze. DTS ikoresha uburyo urumuri rukwirakwira mu nsinga ya fiber optique kugira ngo ipime impinduka z'ubushyuhe mu burebure bwayo bwose. Iri koranabuhanga ritanga imiterere y'ubushyuhe ihoraho kandi ifite ubushobozi bwo hejuru, ari ingenzi mu kumenya aho amazi ava, aho ibiti bifunga, cyangwa ibimenyetso by'ubushyuhe bidasanzwe mu miyoboro. Iterambere riheruka muri DTS ririmo uburyo bukora, nko gukoresha amasoko y'ubushyuhe kugira ngo yongere ubushobozi bwo kumva. Ubu buryo—ibizamini byo gutera ubushyuhe, kumenya aho imiyoboro inyura, n'ibizamini byo gupima ubushyuhe—buha abakoresha ubushobozi bwo kugenzura amariba maremare mu buryo bworoshye kandi burambye. DTS irusha abahanga mu by'ingenzi mu kugenzura aho amazi anyura, cyane cyane ahantu hari ubushyuhe bwinshi aho amakuru nyayo kandi akwirakwizwa ari ingenzi cyane.
Ku rundi ruhande, DAS imenya ibimenyetso by'amajwi n'imitingito ku nsinga ya fiber optique. Iyi sisitemu ishobora gukurikirana ingingo ibihumbi icyarimwe, igafata ibintu nk'ibisohoka, impinduka mu mikorere, cyangwa ibikorwa bitarakozwe n'amategeko. DAS ipima umuvuduko w'uburebure ikoresheje uburyo bwo kureba icyerekezo, ariko imikorere yayo iterwa n'ibintu nko kwerekeza kuri fibre no gukoresha neza umuvuduko. Mu bushyuhe bwinshi, imiterere ya mekanike n'iy'urumuri ishobora guhinduka, bigasaba igishushanyo gikomeye no gutunganya ibimenyetso bigezweho. Hamwe na hamwe, DTS na DAS bifasha gukurikirana mu buryo bufatika, bukwirakwira, bushyigikira kubungabunga no gusubiza vuba ibyabaye.
Dowell ihuza ikoranabuhanga rya DTS na DAS mu bisubizo byayo bya fiber optique bishyuha cyane, bigatuma habaho imikorere yizewe mu bidukikije birimo peteroli na gaze.
Ubwoko bw'Insinga ya Fiber Optic ifite Ubushyuhe Bukabije
Guhitamo insinga ya fiber optique ikwiye gukoreshwa mu bushyuhe bwinshi bikubiyemo gusobanukirwa imbogamizi zidasanzwe z'imiyoboro ya peteroli na gaze. Abakora bashushanya insinga zidasanzwe zikoreshwa mu guhangana n'ubushyuhe bukabije, imiti ihumanya, n'ibidukikije bikungahaye kuri hydrogen nyinshi. Imbonerahamwe ikurikira igaragaza ubwoko busanzwe bw'insinga zikoreshwa mu bushyuhe bwinshi n'ibintu by'ingenzi biziranga:
| Ubwoko bw'insinga | Ingano y'ubushyuhe | Ibikoresho byo gutwikira | Agace ko gusaba akazi |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fibre itwikiriwe na poliimide | Kugeza kuri 300°C | Polyimide | Gupima aho amazi anyura, kugenzura aho amazi anyura |
| Fibre itwikiriwe na karuboni | Kugeza kuri 400°C | Karuboni, Polyimide | Ibidukikije bikungahaye kuri hydrogen |
| Fibre ipfutse mu byuma | Kugeza kuri 700°C | Zahabu, Aluminium | Uduce tw'ubushyuhe bukabije |
| Fibre y'ikirahure cya Fluoride | Kugeza kuri 500°C | Ikirahure cya Fluoride | Porogaramu zihariye zo gushakisha |
Abahanga mu by’ubwubatsi bakunze gushyira izi nsinga mu bikorwa bihoraho, nko mu dusanduku tw’amariba, insinga zo gushyiramo insinga, n’insinga zigendanwa. Guhitamo ubwoko bw’igitambaro n’ubwoko bwa fibre biterwa n’ubushyuhe bwihariye, imiterere y’ibinyabutabire, n’imbaraga z’ikoranabuhanga zitezwe mu rwego rwo kuzikoresha. Dowell atanga urutonde rwuzuye rw’ibipimoibisubizo by'insinga za fiber optique zishyushye cyane, byakozwe kugira ngo bihuze n'ibikenewe bikomeye mu bikorwa bya peteroli na gaze.
Porogaramu n'Ibyiza by'Isi Nyayo
Insinga za fiber optique zikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi zitanga inyungu zikomeye mu ruhererekane rw'agaciro ka peteroli na gaze. Abakoresha bakoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo kumenya ibintu bitandukanye—DTS, DAS, na Distributed Vibration Sensing (DVS)—kugira ngo bakurikirane ibikorwa byo gupfunyika, harimo no gucukura amazi, gucukura no gukora. Izi sisitemu zitanga ubumenyi mu buryo bufatika ku mikorere y'insinga, bigatuma abakoresha bashobora kongera umusaruro no kugabanya igihe cyo guhagarara.
- Insinga zidasanzwe za fiber optique zihangana n'ibihe bikomeye, harimo ubushyuhe bwinshi n'imiti ihumanya.
- Gupima amazi mu buryo bukwirakwira bituma habaho gukurikirana buri gihe uburyo amazi asohoka, gupima amazi asohoka, no gucunga ikigega cy'amazi.
- Abakora ibikorwa byo gushakisha amazi cyangwa kuziba icyuho hakiri kare, bigabanura ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije ndetse n'amafaranga yo kubungabunga.
- Sisitemu za fibre optique zisimbura sensor nyinshi z'amanota, byoroshya ishyirwaho ryazo kandi bikagabanya amafaranga akoreshwa mu gihe kirekire.
- Gushyiramo amakuru mu miyoboro y'amazi n'imiyoboro bihoraho bituma amakuru akusanywa neza kandi mu gihe kirekire.
Inyigo yuzuye y’imibare, ishyigikiwe n’ibizamini by’igerageza, igaragaza akamaro k’ikoranabuhanga rya fibre optique rikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi mu kugenzura imiyoboro ya gaze karemano itwikiriwe n’umuvuduko mwinshi. Abashakashatsi bakoresheje uburyo bugezweho bwo kwigana, maze basanga insinga zishyizwe muri mm 100 uvuye ku muyoboro zabonye neza impinduka z’ubushyuhe ziterwa no kuva amazi. Inyigo isaba gushyira insinga enye za fibre optique ku mpande z’umuyoboro kugira ngo zigere ku muvuduko mwiza. Ibisubizo by’igerageza byahuye neza n’inyigo, byemeza ko ubu buryo bushoboka kandi bunoze bwo kumenya kuva amazi mu muyoboro ukoresha umuvuduko mwinshi.
Inyigo n'inyandiko za tekiniki byasuzumwe n'urungano bigaragaza udushya dukomeje mu ikoranabuhanga ryo kumenya fibre optique. Iyi mirimo yemeza ko uburyo bwo kumenya ubushyuhe n'imikorere ya fibre optique mu bidukikije bikomeye by'ibikomoka kuri peteroli ari ingenzi kandi bifatika. Urugero, sisitemu za Sensuron zo kumenya ubushyuhe bw'ibikomoka kuri fibre optique (FOSS) zitanga uburyo buhoraho bwo kugenzura ubushyuhe ku miyoboro, bigatuma haboneka amazi cyangwa ibiziba. Ubuhanga bwo kudakora neza kw'ibinyabutabire n'ubudahangarwa bw'amashanyarazi bituma iba nziza mu gukoresha peteroli na gaze. Abakoresha ikoranabuhanga bungukirwa no kunoza imikorere, kugabanuka kw'igihe cyo gukora, no kuzigama amafaranga muri rusange, nubwo hari ishoramari ryinshi rya mbere.
Ibigo nka Dowell bikomeje guteza imbere uburyo bwo gukoresha insinga za fiber optique, bigafasha abakora ibikorwa byo kugeza ku miyoboro y’amazi mu mutekano, mu buryo bwiza kandi bwizewe.
Guhitamo insinga ikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi bitanga umusaruro mu miyoboro y'amazi mu mutekano no mu buryo bunoze. Gukoresha imiyoboro mu buryo bufatika bigaragaza inyungu z'ingenzi:
- Gutahura ibitero hakiri karebinyuze muri sisitemu zigezweho zo kugenzura.
- Igenzura ryizewe hamwe no kumenya amajwi n'amashusho mu buryo buhuriweho.
- Kunoza imicungire y'ibyago hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo guhanura ibibazo by'imiyoboro.
Impuguke mu nganda zigisha inama abakora akazi kugira ngo bagere ku kubahiriza amategeko no ku kwizerwa igihe kirekire.
Byanditswe na: Eric
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-09-2025