Inkongi yumuriro ya fibre optiquefasha inyubako zubucuruzi kubahiriza amategeko akomeye yumutekano. Izi nkike, harimoFibre Optic Splice GufunganaGufunga uhagaritse, kubuza umuriro gukwirakwira mu nzira. A.3 Inzira ya Fibre optique or Ubushuhe buhagaritse-Kugabanya gufungairinda kandi ibikoresho byurusobe kandi ikomeza inzitizi zumuriro.
Ibyingenzi
- Ibirindiro bya fibre optique birinda inyubako kubuza umuriro, umwotsi, nubushyuhe gukwirakwira mumihanda ya kabili, bifasha kubahiriza amategeko akomeye yumutekano.
- Guhitamo uruzitiro rukwiye bisobanura guhuza ibipimo byo kurwanya umuriro, ibyemezo, nibikoresho kubidukikije byinyubako nibisabwa kode.
- Kwishyiriraho neza, kuranga, no kubungabunga buri gihe byemeza umutekano muremure, kubahiriza, no kurinda ibikorwa remezo bikomeye.
Inkongi y'umuriro ya Fibre optique: Ibisobanuro ninshingano
Nibihe Byerekanwe na Fibre Fibre optique
Inkongi yumuriro ya fibre optiqueikora nk'inzu zirinda insinga za fibre optique mu nyubako z'ubucuruzi. Ababikora bakora ibishushanyo mbonera kugirango bahangane nubushyuhe bwinshi kandi bahagarike inzira yumuriro, ubushyuhe, numwotsi. Mu gufunga insinga zinjira mu nkuta zagabanijwe n’umuriro, hasi, no ku gisenge, ibyo bigo bifasha kugumana ubusugire bw’inzitizi zishingiye ku muriro. Ibicuruzwa byabugenewe, nkibice byimbere hamwe nu byuma birinda umuriro, ubarizwa adasanzwe cyangwa bigoye kugera kumuhanda. Ibi bisubizo bishimangira ibyuma byumye cyangwa beto, bikomeza umuriro numwotsi bikubiye mubice byagenwe. Ibi bikoresho byongerera igihe cyo kwimuka kandi bikagabanya ikwirakwizwa ry’umuriro, rikaba ari ingenzi ku mutekano w’abatuye.
Akamaro ko Kwubaka Ubucuruzi
Inyubako zubucuruzi zigomba kubahiriza amategeko agenga umutekano w’umuriro. Inkongi yumuriro ya Fibre optique ifitemo uruhare runini muguhuza ibi bisabwa. Kutubahiriza amategeko bishobora kuvamo ingaruka zikomeye:
- Yanze ubwishingizi busaba igihombo kijyanye n'umuriro
- Kongera amafaranga yubwishingizi nyuma yubugenzuzi
- Gupfukirana imipaka cyangwa guhezwa
- Politiki ishobora guseswa kubihohotera rikabije
- Amande hamwe nibisobanuro byatanzwe ninzego zishinzwe kugenzura cyangwa abashinzwe kuzimya umuriro
- Amabwiriza yo gukosora ashobora kugabanya ibikorwa byubucuruzi
- Amafaranga yo gusana byihutirwa arenze ingengo yimishinga
- Ibyangiritse byicyubahiro bishobora kumara igihe cyo gusana
Inzugi zumuriro zidakurikiza inzitizi zirashobora kongera igiciro cyo kwangiza umuriro hafi37% mubucuruzi, ukurikije amakuru ya NFPA. Inzego zibishinzwe zishobora gutanga amande, citations, cyangwa ibikorwa byemewe n'amategeko. Abatanga ubwishingizi bakunze kubona ko byubahirizwa neza, bishobora kugabanya amafaranga yingaruka hamwe nuburyozwe. Ibikoresho bya Fibre optique bifasha abafite inyubako kwirinda izo ngaruka no kurinda abantu numutungo.
Ibikoresho bya Fibre optique byuzuye: Ibipimo byumutekano wumuriro hamwe nimpamyabumenyi
NEC Ingingo ya 770 na NFPA 70 Ibisabwa
Amategeko y’igihugu y’amashanyarazi (NEC) Ingingo ya 770 na NFPA 70 yashyizeho urufatiro rw’umutekano w’umuriro mu bikoresho bya fibre optique. Izi kodegisi zisaba ko Fibre Optic Enclures hamwe ninsinga bitongera ibyago byumuriro cyangwa umwotsi bikwirakwira mu nyubako. Abashiraho bagomba gucana ibyinjira byose binyuze murukuta rwerekanwe numuriro, hasi, no mubisenge hakoreshejwe uburyo bwemewe. Ibi birinda igipimo cyo kurwanya umuriro kuri buri bariyeri. Intsinga zigomba gushyirwaho neza, ukoresheje ibyuma birinda ibyangiritse. Ahantu hacururizwa ikirere, imiyoboro idafite insinga igomba kuba ifite umwotsi muke hamwe nubushyuhe bwo kurekura ubushyuhe.
Ikintu cyingenzi cyubahirizwa kirimo guhitamo ubwoko bwumugozi wukuri kuri buri nyubako yubaka. NEC ishyira insinga za fibre optique kubirwanya umuriro hamwe nibiranga umwotsi. Imbonerahamwe ikurikira irerekana muri make ubwoko bwinsinga zemewe mumwanya wihariye:
| Ubwoko bwa Cable | Plenum | Riser | Gukoresha Rusange | Imiyoboro / Umuhanda | Shafts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OFNP / OFCP | Y* | Y* | Y* | Y* | Y* |
| OFNR / OFCR | N | Y* | Y* | Y* | Y* |
| OFNG / OFCG | N | N | Y* | N | N |
| OFN / OFC | N | N | Y* | N | N |
Yyerekana ikoreshwa ryemewe, hashingiwe ku mbogamizi mu bice bya NEC 770.110 na 770.113.
Intsinga zumuzunguruko (CI) zikoreshwa muri sisitemu zikomeye zigomba kuba zujuje byibuze amasaha abiri y’umuriro, zapimwe ukurikije ANSI / UL 2196.Ibyo bisabwa bihuye n’ibipimo by’ibizamini by’umuriro, nka NFPA 262 na UL 1685. Dowell itangaInkongi yumuriro ya fibre optiquezujuje aya mahame akomeye, zishyigikira umutekano kandi wujuje ibyubatswe mubucuruzi.
UL, IEC, na ANSI Impamyabumenyi
Impamyabumenyi zitangwa n’amashyirahamwe nka UL (Laboratoire ya Underwriters), IEC (Komisiyo mpuzamahanga y’amashanyarazi), na ANSI (Ikigo cy’Abanyamerika gishinzwe ubuziranenge) yemeza imikorere y’umuriro wa fibre optique. Icyemezo cya UL, nk'urugero, cyemeza ko uruzitiro n'insinga byatsinze ibizamini bisanzwe byo kurwanya umuriro no kwangiza imyotsi. Ibipimo bya IEC, harimo IEC 60332 na IEC 61034, bikwirakwiza ikwirakwizwa ry'umuriro n'ubucucike bw'umwotsi w'insinga za fibre optique. Ibipimo bya ANSI, nka ANSI / UL 2196, bishyiraho ibipimo byerekana ubusugire bwumuzunguruko mugihe hagaragaye umuriro.
Abakora nka Dowell igishushanyo no kugerageza ibyaboInkongi yumuriro ya fibre optiqueguhura cyangwa kurenza ibyo byemezo. Abafite inyubako naba rwiyemezamirimo bagomba guhora bagenzura ko ibicuruzwa bitwara urutonde hamwe nibimenyetso. Ibi byemeza ko ibigo byatoranijwe bizakora nkuko bisabwa mugihe cyumuriro kandi byujuje ibisabwa byo kugenzura.
Ibisobanuro bifatika byo kubahiriza
Kubahiriza ibipimo byumutekano wumuriro hamwe nimpamyabumenyi bitanga inyungu-nyayo ku nyubako zubucuruzi. Gushyira neza kandi byemejwe neza na Fibre Optic Enclosures ifasha kugumana ubusugire bwinzitizi zumuriro, kugabanya ikwirakwizwa ryumuriro numwotsi, no kurinda ibikorwa remezo bikomeye. Abishingizi akenshi basaba kubahiriza inyandiko mbere yo gutanga cyangwa kuvugurura politiki. Inzego zishinzwe kugenzura ibikorwa zishobora gukora igenzura kugirango harebwe niba insinga zose zinjira hamwe n’uruzitiro byujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa.
Impinduka ziherutse muri NEC zigaragaza imbaraga zikomeje zo koroshya no gusobanura amategeko y’umutekano w’umuriro. Ivugurura rya 2026 NEC ryimura ibikubiye mu ngingo ya 770 mu ngingo nshya mu gice cy’ingufu nkeya. Ihinduka ryumuteguro ntabwo rihindura ibyangombwa byibanze kubirindiro byumuriro ariko byerekana akamaro ko kugumaho hamwe na code igenda ihinduka. Dowell ikomeje kwiyemeza gutanga ibisubizo bigezweho bifasha abakiriya kugera no kubahiriza kubahiriza.
Impanuro: Buri gihe usubiremo ivugururwa rya kode hamwe nicyemezo cyibicuruzwa kugirango ukomeze kubahiriza no kwirinda ibihano bihenze cyangwa ibihano.
Inkongi yumuriro ya Fibre optique: Ibikoresho nubwubatsi
Ibikoresho birwanya umuriro (Plenum, PVC / Riser, LSZH)
Ababikora bahitamo ibikoresho bya fibre optique ishingiye kubirwanya umuriro nibisabwa mumutekano. Ibikoresho bya Plenum, PVC / riser, na LSZH (Umwotsi muke wa Zero Halogen) buri kimwe gitanga amanota atandukanye.Umugozi wuzuye-insinga, washyizweho nka OFNP, tanga umuriro mwinshi cyane kandi ni ngombwa mumwanya wo gufata ikirere. Intsinga zikoresha ibikoresho nka fluorine etylene polymer (FEP) cyangwa PVC yihariye, igabanya ikwirakwizwa ryumuriro kandi ikabyara umwotsi muke. Umugozi wa LSZH urimo halogene, bityo zisohora umwotsi muke cyane kandi nta myuka yubumara mugihe cyo gutwikwa. Iyi mikorere ituma LSZH ibera ahantu hafungiwe cyangwa rusange aho guhumeka umwotsi bitera ingaruka zikomeye. Umugozi wa PVC / riser, wanditseho OFNR, ukwiranye no kwiruka uhagaritse amagorofa ariko ufite umuriro muke hamwe nuburozi bwinshi bitewe na halogene.
| Ikiranga | Umugozi wa PVC / Riser | Umugozi wa Plenum | LSZH Cable |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kurwanya Flame | Impuzandengo | Nibyiza cyane | Nibyiza |
| Kwikuramo | Abakene | Nibyiza cyane | Nibyiza |
| Ibirimo Halogen | Harimo Halogens | Harimo Halogens * | Halogen-Yubusa |
| Umusaruro wumwotsi | Hejuru | Hasi cyane | Hasi cyane |
| Uburozi | Hejuru | Hasi | Hasi |
* Icyitonderwa: Intsinga zimwe za plenum zirimo halogene ariko muri rusange zirimo halogene.
Uburyo bwubwubatsi bwo kugereranya umuriro
Ba injeniyeri bashushanya ibigo kugirango byuzuze amahame akomeye yo kurwanya umuriro. Ibizamini nkaUL 94 na PH120gusuzuma uko ibikoresho bitwara mugihe cyumuriro. Urutonde rwa V-0 munsi ya UL 94 bisobanura ibikoresho byo kuzimya vuba kandi ntibitonyanga ibice byaka. Icyemezo cya PH120 cyemeza ko uruzitiro rurinda ibyuma byimbere muminota 120 mugihe cyumuriro. Ababikora bakoresha ibizamini byo gutwika bihagaritse kandi bitambitse, guhungabana, hamwe no kugereranya amazi kugirango bagenzure imikorere. Ubu buryo bwemeza ko ibigo bikomeza ubusugire bwabyo kandi bikarinda ibice byurusobe mugihe hagaragaye umuriro.
Kugereranya Amahitamo
Guhitamo uruzitiro rwiburyo bikubiyemo kuringaniza igihe,kurwanya umuriro, ubworoherane bwo kwishyiriraho, nigiciro.Umugozi wa Plenum utanga umuriro muremure kandi uramba, kubikora bibereye ahantu ho gutwara ikirere ariko kubiciro biri hejuru. Intsinga ya Riser itanga umuriro uringaniye kandi byoroshye gushira mumashanyarazi. Intsinga ya LSZH iruta umwotsi muke nuburozi, nibyiza kubidukikije byoroshye, nubwo bidasimburwa ninsinga za plenum. Intsinga zo hanze, nka PE, zirwanya ikirere ariko zikabura umuriro murugo.
| Ubwoko bwa Cable | Kuramba | Kurwanya umuriro | Kuborohereza | Ibiciro |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plenum | Hejuru | Isumbabyose | Irasaba kubahiriza | Birahenze cyane |
| Riser | Kuramba | Guciriritse | Byoroshye muri risers | Ntibihendutse |
| LSZH | Kuramba | Nibyiza | Ahantu hihariye | Birahenze cyane |
| PE (Hanze) | Hejuru | Ntibikwiye | Hanze gusa | Biratandukanye |
Impanuro: Buri gihe uhuze ibikoresho byuzuzanya hamwe nibipimo byerekeranye n’umutekano w’inyubako n’ibidukikije kugirango ubungabunge neza kandi byubahirizwe.
Ibikoresho bya Fibre optique bifatanyirijwe hamwe: Ibipimo byo guhitamo
Kubaka Kode hamwe nibitekerezo bigenga
Buri nyubako yubucuruzi igomba gukurikiza amategeko y’umutekano y’ibanze, leta, n’igihugu. Abayobozi nk’ishyirahamwe ry’igihugu rishinzwe kurinda umuriro (NFPA) hamwe n’amategeko mpuzamahanga y’imyubakire (IBC) bashyizeho amategeko akomeye yo gucunga insinga n’uburinganire bw’umuriro. Abagenzuzi bakunze gusuzuma niba Fibre Optic Enclosures yumuriro yujuje ibipimo. Ba nyiri inyubako bagomba gusuzuma ibi bikurikira mbere yo guhitamo ikigo:
- Igipimo cyo Kurwanya Umuriro: Uruzitiro rugomba guhuza cyangwa kurenza igipimo cyumuriro cyurukuta, hasi, cyangwa igisenge cyinjira.
- Ibisabwa: Ibicuruzwa bigomba gutwara ibyemezo byemewe, nka UL cyangwa IEC, kugirango byemezwe.
- Inyandiko: Inyandiko zikwiye zo kwishyiriraho nibisobanuro byibicuruzwa bifasha mugihe cyo kugenzura no gusuzuma ubwishingizi.
Icyitonderwa: Kode yaho irashobora kugira ibisabwa byihariye. Buri gihe ujye ubaza uruhushya rwo kurinda umuriro cyangwa umuyobozi wa code mbere yo kurangiza guhitamo ibicuruzwa.
Ibidukikije nibisabwa
Ibidukikije bizashyirwaho uruzitiro bigira uruhare runini muguhitamo ibicuruzwa. Umwanya utandukanye mu nyubako yubucuruzi urerekana ibibazo byihariye. Kurugero, ibibanza bitwara ikirere bisaba ibikoresho byapimwe na plenum, mugihe ibimera bishobora gukenera ibicuruzwa byapimwe. Ubushuhe, ubushyuhe, hamwe n’imiti bishobora no guhindura imikorere.
Ibintu by'ingenzi bidukikije no kubishyira mu bikorwa birimo:
- Aho biherereye: Mu nzu, hanze, plenum, riser, cyangwa ahantu rusange ukoreshwa
- Ubushyuhe: Ibigo bimwe bigomba kwihanganira ubushyuhe bukabije cyangwa imbeho
- Kurwanya no kwangirika: Ibidukikije bitose cyangwa bitose bisaba uruzitiro rufite kashe idasanzwe
- Kurinda Imashini: Ahantu nyabagendwa cyangwa ahantu hashobora gukenerwa hashobora gukenerwa
Imbonerahamwe irashobora gufasha kugereranya ibikenewe mu bidukikije:
| Ahantu ho gusaba | Urutonde rusabwa | Ikibazo cyibidukikije | Ibisabwa biranga |
|---|---|---|---|
| Umwanya wa Plenum | Plenum (OFNP) | Umwuka, kugenzura umwotsi | Umwotsi muke, urinda umuriro |
| Riser Shafts | Riser (OFNR) | Umuriro uhagaze | Kuzimya |
| Ahantu Hanze | UV / Ikirere | Izuba, imvura, ubushyuhe | Ikidodo, UV-ihamye |
| Inganda | Ingaruka Zirwanya | Kunyeganyega, umukungugu, imiti | Byashimangiwe, gasketi |
Guhuza Ibiranga Ibikenewe Umushinga
Guhitamo neza Fire-Rated Fiber Optic Enclosures ikubiyemo ibirenze kubahiriza code. Abashinzwe imishinga bagomba kuringaniza umutekano, imikorere, na bije. Urutonde rukurikira rushobora kuyobora inzira yo gufata ibyemezo:
- Suzuma Imiterere yinyubako: Menya inzitizi zose zerekana umuriro ninzira ya kabili.
- Menya amanota asabwa: Huza ibipimo byo kuzitira hamwe na barrière yumuriro.
- Suzuma Ubwoko bwa Cable: Hitamo uruzitiro rujyanye na plenum, riser, cyangwa insinga za LSZH nkuko bikenewe.
- Tekereza Kwaguka Kazoza: Hitamo uruzitiro rufite ubushobozi bwinyongera kubwinyongera ya kabili.
- Subiramo Ibisabwa: Ibirindiro bimwe bitanga ibikoresho-bitinjiye cyangwa ibishushanyo mbonera byo kwishyiriraho byihuse.
- Reba ibyo Ukeneye Kubungabunga: Ibikoresho byoroshye-byoroshye na label isobanutse byoroshe kugenzura no gusana.
Impanuro: Shyiramo IT, ibikoresho, hamwe nitsinda ryumutekano hakiri kare mugutegura. Ibitekerezo byabo byemeza ko ibyatoranijwe byatoranijwe byujuje ibya tekiniki nubuyobozi bukenewe.
Uruzitiro rwatoranijwe neza rurinda ibikorwa remezo byurusobe, rushyigikira kubahiriza code, kandi rugabanya ibiciro byigihe kirekire. Ibikoresho bya Fibre Optic Enclosures bitanga amahoro yumutima kubafite inyubako nabayituye bahuza umutekano nibikorwa byizewe.
Inkongi yumuriro ya Fibre optique: Gushyira no Kubungabunga
Kwishyiriraho imyitozo myiza
Kwinjiza nezairinda umutekano ndetse no kubahiriza code. Abashiraho bagomba gukurikiza ubu buryo bwiza:
- Hitamo insinga n'inzira zihuraNEC Ingingo ya 770 ibisabwa.
- Firestop buri kwinjira kwinkuta zerekanwe numuriro, ibice, amagorofa, cyangwa ibisenge. Buri gihe ukurikize amabwiriza yabakozwe na NEC 300.21.
- Kugarura ubunyangamugayo bwumuriro uwo ariwo wose nyuma yo kwinjira muri fibre optique.
- Koresha insinga za plenum ninzira nyabagendwa ahantu h'ikirere cyangiza ibidukikije, nko hejuru ya plafond yahagaritswe cyangwa munsi ya etage yazamuye.
- Shigikira insinga hamwe nibikoresho byububiko hamwe nibikoresho byemewe. Irinde gukoresha imiyoboro ya kaburimbo cyangwa insinga zishyigikira igisenge.
- Tegura insinga neza kandi muburyo busa nakazi kugirango ukurikize NEC 770.24. Ibi kandi bitanga uburyo bworoshye bwo kubungabunga ejo hazaza.
- Shyira hejuru ya kabili hejuru kugirango igisenge cyahagaritswe gishobora kwimurwa nta nkomyi, birinda kurenga kode.
Impanuro: Gutegura neza mbere yo kwishyiriraho bigabanya ibyago byo gukosorwa bihenze kandi byemeza igihe kirekire.
Ibirango n'ibisabwa
Kwandika neza hamwe ninyandiko zuzuye zifasha gukomeza kubahiriza no koroshya ubugenzuzi buzaza. Buri ruzitiro na kabili bigomba kwerekana ibirango bisobanutse, biramba byerekana igipimo cyumuriro, itariki yo kwishyiriraho, nubwoko bwa kabili. Abashiraho bagomba kubika inyandiko zirambuye, harimo ibyemezo byibicuruzwa, igishushanyo mbonera, hamwe namakuru yo kugarura inzitizi yumuriro. Inyandiko zateguwe zishyigikira igenzura ryoroshye hamwe nubwishingizi bwubwishingizi.
Kugenzura no Kubungabunga
Igenzura rya buri munsi ririnda sisitemu umutekano kandi yubahiriza. Amatsinda yikigo agomba kugenzura ibibanza byangiritse kumubiri, ikirango cyemewe, nuburinganire bwinzitizi. Gahunda yo gufata neza igomba kuba ikubiyemo ibizamini bya buri gihe ibikoresho byo gucana no gusana byihuse ibitagenda neza. Isubiramo risanzwe ryemeza ko ibice byose bikomeza kubahiriza ibisabwa byihinduka.
Fibre Optic Enclosures yumuriro ishyigikira kubahiriza no kurinda ibikorwa remezo byingenzi mumazu yubucuruzi. Izi nkike zirinda umuriro na gaze uburozi gukwirakwira, bitanga uburinzi burambye ku bidukikije, kandi bigafasha kugabanya ibiciro byubwishingizi. Imikoreshereze yabo yongerera imbaraga ibikorwa no gucunga ibyago kubafite inyubako.
- Kurinda ibice byingenzi mugihe cyamasaha ane
- Kugabanya ibikenewe byo kubungabunga
- Shyigikira kwishyiriraho ahantu hatandukanye
Na: Eric
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-16-2025