Ibigo byishingikiriza ku nsinga za fiber optique kugira ngo byohereze amakuru neza.insinga ya fiber optique yo mu buryo bumweishyigikira itumanaho rya kure rifite umuyoboro munini w'itumanaho, bigatuma riba ryiza cyane ku miyoboro migari. Mu buryo bunyuranye, hariinsinga ya fibre y'uburyo bwinshi, izwi kandi nkainsinga ya fiber optique ifite uburyo bwinshi, itanga igisubizo gihendutse ku ntera ngufi. Guhitamo amahitamo meza hagati y'insinga imwe ya fiber optique nainsinga ya fibre y'uburyo bwinshibiterwa n'ibikenewe mu mikorere n'ingengo y'imari.
Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe
- Fibre y'uburyo bumwe ikora nezaku ntera ndende. Ishobora kohereza amakuru arenga kilometero 100 ku muvuduko wihuta.
- Fibre ya Multimode ni nziza ku ntera ngufi, akenshi iri munsi ya kilometero 2. Irahendutse kandi ni nziza ku miyoboro yo mu gace utuyemo.
- Kugira ngo uhitemo fibre ikwiye,Tekereza ku ntera, ibikenewe mu muvuduko, hamwe n'ingengo y'imari yawe kugira ngo uhitemo ibikwiriye ubucuruzi bwawe.
Gusobanukirwa uburyo bumwe na fibre ya Multimode
Fiber ya Single-mode ni iki?
Fibre y'uburyo bumweni ubwoko bwa fibre optique yagenewe kohereza amakuru mu ntera ndende no mu buryo bwo hejuru. Ubusanzwe umurambararo wayo w'ibanze uri hagati ya mikoroni 8 na 10, bigatuma urumuri rugenda mu nzira imwe kandi itaziguye. Iyi miterere igabanya gukwirakwira kw'ibimenyetso kandi igatuma amakuru yoherezwa neza mu ntera ndende.
Ibisobanuro by'ingenzi bya fibre imwe birimo:
- Ingano y'ibanze: mikoroni 8 kugeza kuri 10.5
- Ingano y'ibipfundikizo: mikoroni 125
- Uburebure bw'amabara bushyigikiwe: 1310 nm na 1550 nm
- Ubugari bw'umuyoboro: Terahertz nyinshi
| Ibisobanuro | Agaciro |
|---|---|
| Ingano y'ibanze | 8 kugeza kuri 10.5 μm |
| Ingano y'ibipfundikizo | 125 μm |
| Kugabanya cyane | 1 dB/km (OS1), 0.4 dB/km (OS2) |
| Uburebure bw'amabara bushyigikiwe | 1310 nm, 1550 nm |
| Ubugari bw'umuyoboro | THz nyinshi |
| Kugabanya ubushobozi bwo kugabanya | 0.2 kugeza 0.5 dB/km |
Ingano nto y'ibanze igabanya gukwirakwira hagati y'uburyo, bigatuma fibre imwe iba nziza ku bikorwa nk'itumanaho rya kure na interineti yihuta cyane.
Fiber ya Multimode ni iki?
Fibre ya Multimodeikozwe neza kugira ngo ihererekanywa mu buryo bwihuse. Ifite umurambararo munini w'imbere, ubusanzwe uri hagati ya mikoroni 50 na 62.5, ituma habaho uburyo bwinshi bwo gukwirakwiza urumuri. Iyi miterere yongera uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza amakuru, ibi bikaba bigabanya ingano yayo ifatika ariko bigatuma iba igisubizo gihendutse ku miyoboro yo mu gace.
Ibintu by'ingenzi biranga fibre ya multimode birimo:
- Ingano y'ibanze: mikoroni 50 kugeza kuri 62.5
- Amasoko y'urumuri: LED cyangwa VCSEL (850 nm na 1300 nm)
- Porogaramu: Kohereza amakuru mu ntera ngufi (munsi ya kilometero 2)
| Ibiranga | Fiber y'uburyo bwinshi (MMF) | Fiber y'uburyo bumwe (SMF) |
|---|---|---|
| Ingano y'ibanze | 50µm kugeza 100µm (ubusanzwe 50µm cyangwa 62.5µm) | ~9µm |
| Uburyo bwo Gukwirakwiza Umucyo | Uburyo bwinshi bitewe n'uko igice kinini cy'imbere ari kinini | Uburyo bumwe |
| Imbibi z'ubugari bw'umuyoboro | Bike kubera ikwirakwira ry'uburyo butandukanye | Umuyoboro w'itumanaho uri hejuru |
| Porogaramu zikwiye | Ihererekanya ry'amashanyarazi rikorwa mu ntera ngufi (munsi ya kilometero 2) | Kohereza ubutumwa mu ntera ndende |
| Amasoko y'urumuri | LED cyangwa VCSEL (850nm na 1300nm) | Diode za laser (1310nm cyangwa 1550nm) |
| Umuvuduko wo kohereza amakuru | Kugeza kuri 100Gbit/segonda, ibiciro bifatika biratandukanye | Ibiciro biri hejuru mu ntera ndende |
| Kugabanya ubushobozi bwo kugabanya | Hejuru bitewe no gukwirakwira kw'amazi | Hasi |
Fibre ya Multimode ikunze gukoreshwa mu miyoboro y’ahantu (LANs), mu bigo by’amakuru, no mu bindi bice aho bisaba ko habaho guhuza intera ngufi kandi yihuta cyane.
Itandukaniro ry'ingenzi hagati ya Fiber ya Single-mode na Multimode
Ingano y'ibanze n'uburyo bwo kohereza urumuri
Ingano y'ibanze y'insinga ya fiber optique niyo igena uburyo urumuri runyuramo. Fibre ya mode imwe ifite umurambararo w'ibanze wa mikoroni zigera kuri 9, ibi bikaba bigabanya urumuri mu nzira imwe. Iyi miterere igabanya gukwirakwira kw'amakuru kandi igatuma amakuru yoherezwa neza mu ntera ndende. Mu buryo bunyuranye, fibre ya multimode ifite umurambararo munini w'ibanze, ubusanzwe mikoroni 50 kugeza kuri 62.5, bigatuma uburyo bwinshi bw'urumuri bukwirakwira icyarimwe. Nubwo ibi byongera gukwirakwira kw'amakuru, bituma fibre ya multimode ikwiriye gukoreshwa mu ntera ngufi.
| Ubwoko bwa Fibre | Ingano y'ibanze (mikoroni) | Ibiranga uburyo urumuri rutanga urumuri |
|---|---|---|
| Fiber y'uburyo bumwe | Kuva kuri 8.3 kugeza kuri 10 | Bigabanya urumuri kuri mode imwe, bigabanya gukwirakwira |
| Fiber ya Multimode | Kuva kuri 50 kugeza kuri 62.5 | Yemerera uburyo bwinshi bw'urumuri gukwirakwira icyarimwe |
Ubushobozi bwo Kugera Imbere
Fibre y'uburyo bumwe irakora neza mu itumanaho ry'intambwe ndende. Ishobora kohereza amakuru kugeza kuri kilometero 100 nta kongera ingufu, bigatuma iba nziza ku miyoboro yagutse n'itumanaho. Fibre y'uburyo bwinshi, ku rundi ruhande, ikoreshwa neza mu ntera ngufi, akenshi kugeza kuri metero 500. Iyi mbogamizi ituruka ku gukwirakwiza kwa modal, bigira ingaruka ku bwiza bw'ibimenyetso mu burebure bwagutse.
| Ubwoko bwa Fibre | Intera ntarengwa (nta amplifier) | Intera ntarengwa (hamwe n'ibyuma bitera inkunga) |
|---|---|---|
| Uburyo bumwe | Birenga kilometero 40 | Kugeza kuri kilometero 100 |
| Uburyo bwinshi | Kugeza kuri metero 500 | Ntabyo |
Bandwidth n'imikorere
Fibre y’uburyo bumwe itanga bandwidth itagira umupaka bitewe n’ubushobozi bwayo bwo kohereza urumuri muri mode imwe. Ishyigikira umuvuduko w’amakuru urenga 100 Gbps mu ntera ndende. Fibre y’uburyo bwinshi, nubwo ishobora gutanga amakuru menshi (10-40 Gbps), ihura n’imbogamizi zo gukoresha bandwidth bitewe n’uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza amakuru. Ibi bituma irushaho kuba nziza ku bikoresho byihuse kandi biciriritse nka centers na LAN.
Ibipimo by'ikiguzi
Ikiguzi cya sisitemu za fiber optique giterwa n'ibintu nko gushyiraho, ibikoresho, no kubungabunga. Insinga za fiber optique zo mu buryo bumwe zirahenze cyane kuyishyiraho bitewe n'uko zikenewe neza kandi zitwara amafaranga menshi. Ariko, irahendutse ku bikoresho bikoreshwa kure kandi bifite bandwidth nyinshi. Fibre ya multimode irahendutse kuyishyiraho no kuyibungabunga, bigatuma iba amahitamo meza ku miyoboro migufi.
| Igipimo | Fiber y'uburyo bumwe | Fiber ya Multimode |
|---|---|---|
| Igiciro cya Transceiver | bihenze inshuro 1.5 kugeza kuri 5 | Birahendutse bitewe n'ikoranabuhanga ryoroshye |
| Uburyo bwo gushyiramo ibintu bugoye | Bisaba abakozi b'abahanga n'ubuhanga | Byoroshye gushyiraho no guhagarika |
| Uburyo bwo Kugabanya Ikiguzi | Birahendutse cyane ku ntera ndende no ku muyoboro munini w'itumanaho | Birahendutse cyane ku ntera ngufi no ku muyoboro muto w'itumanaho |
Porogaramu zisanzwe
Fibre y’uburyo bumwe ikoreshwa cyane mu itumanaho, serivisi za interineti, no mu bigo binini by’amakuru. Ishyigikira itumanaho ry’intera ndende kandi nta gihombo kinini cy’amakuru gihari. Fibre y’uburyo bwinshi ikunze gukoreshwa muri LAN, mu bigo by’amakuru, no mu miyoboro ya kaminuza, aho bisaba ko habaho guhuza intera ngufi kandi yihuta cyane.
| Ubwoko bwa Fibre | Ibisobanuro by'Ikoreshwa |
|---|---|
| Uburyo bumwe | Ikoreshwa mu itumanaho rya telefoni mu itumanaho rya kure hamwe no kohereza amakuru ku buryo bwihuse. |
| Uburyo bumwe | Akoreshwa n'abatanga serivisi za interineti mu gutanga serivisi zihuse za interineti ahantu hanini hatagaragara cyane ibimenyetso. |
| Uburyo bwinshi | Ikwiriye cyane imiyoboro y’amakuru mu nyubako cyangwa mu bigo bito, yohereza amakuru ku muvuduko mwinshi. |
| Uburyo bwinshi | Ikoreshwa mu bigo by'amakuru kugira ngo ihuze seriveri n'ama-switch mu ntera ngufi ku giciro gito. |
Ibyiza n'ibibi bya Single-mode na Multimode Fiber
Ibyiza n'ibibi bya Fibre ya Single-mode
Fibre y’uburyo bumwe itanga ibyiza byinshi, cyane cyane ku bikorwa byo gukoresha intera ndende no gukoresha bandwidth nini. Ubugari bwayo buto bugabanya gukwirakwiza amakuru mu buryo bunoze, bigatuma amakuru yoherezwa neza mu ntera ndende. Ibi bituma iba nziza ku itumanaho, mu bigo binini by’amakuru, no ku miyoboro y’ibigo. Byongeye kandi, fibre y’uburyo bumwe ishyigikira umubare munini w’amakuru, bigatuma habaho kwaguka ku byifuzo by’umuyoboro mu gihe kizaza.
Ariko, fibre imwe ifite uburyo bumwe nayo itera imbogamizi. Insinga ubwazo nigihendutse cyane, ariko ibikoresho bifitanye isano, nka lazeri na transceivers, bishobora kongera ikiguzi cyane. Gushyiraho bisaba ubuhanga n'ubuhanga mu kazi, ibyo bikaba byongera ikiguzi. Ibi bituma fibre imwe idakoreshwa mu buryo bumwe idakoreshwa mu mishinga ihenze cyane.
| Ibyiza | Imbogamizi |
|---|---|
| Kohereza ibimenyetso mu ntera ndende | Ibiciro by'inganda biri hejuru bitewe n'uko ibintu bitoroshye kwihanganira |
| Ubushobozi budasanzwe bwo gukoresha bandwidth | Bisaba gushyiraho no gucunga neza |
| Ishyigikira igipimo cy'amakuru kiri hejuru | Inzitizi z'amafaranga ku mishinga ihenze |
Ibyiza n'ibibi bya Multimode Fiber
Fibre ya Multimode niigisubizo gihendutseku bikorwa byo gukoresha intera ngufi. Ubugari bwayo bunini bworoshya ishyirwaho ryayo kandi bugabanya ikiguzi cy'abakozi. Ibi bituma iba amahitamo akunzwe cyane ku miyoboro yo mu gace runaka (LANs), ibigo by'amakuru, n'imiyoboro ya kaminuza. Hamwe n'iterambere nka fibre ya OM5, fibre ya multimode ubu ishyigikira kohereza 100Gb/s ikoresheje uburebure bwinshi bw'umuraba, bikongera ubushobozi bwayo bwo gukoresha bandwidth.
Nubwo hari izo nyungu, fibre ya multimode ifite imbogamizi. Imikorere yayo iragabanuka iyo intera ndende bitewe no gukwirakwira kwa modal. Byongeye kandi, umuvuduko wayo uterwa n'uburebure bw'umuvuduko, ibyo bikaba bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere myiza ku burebure bw'umuvuduko buri hejuru cyangwa buri hasi. Ibi bintu bigabanya ikoreshwa ryayo ku buryo bworoshye.
- Ibyiza:
- Ihendutse ku ntera ngufi.
- Gushyiramo ibintu byoroshye bigabanya ikiguzi cy'abakozi.
- Ishyigikira kohereza ubutumwa bwihuse mu miyoboro y'ibigo.
- Imbogamizi:
- Ingano ntoya bitewe n'uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza ibintu mu buryo bwa modal.
- Ubugari bw'umuyoboro bushingiye ku burebure bw'umuyoboro.
Fibre ya Multimode iracyari amahitamo meza ku bigo bishyira imbere ikiguzi n'uburyo bworoshye kuruta imikorere ikorwa kure.
Guhitamo umugozi wa fibre ukwiye mu bucuruzi bwawe
Gusuzuma Ibisabwa mu Ntera
Intera igira uruhare runini mu kugena insinga ya fibre ikwiye ubucuruzi. Fibre ya mode imwe irahebuje mu gukoresha intera ndende, ifasha kohereza amakuru kugeza kuri kilometero 140 nta kongera ingufu. Ibi bituma iba nziza ku miyoboro y’itumanaho hagati y’inyubako n’itumanaho rigenda rirerire. Fibre ya mode nyinshi, ku rundi ruhande, ikoreshwa neza ku ntera ngufi, akenshi kugeza kuri kilometero 2. Ikunze gukoreshwa mu bikorwa by’inyubako, nko guhuza seriveri mu bigo by’amakuru cyangwa koroshya imiyoboro ya kaminuza.
| Ubwoko bwa Fibre | Intera ntarengwa | Ishusho y'Ikoreshwa |
|---|---|---|
| Uburyo Bumwe | Kugeza kuri kilometero 140 | Imiyoboro ihuza abantu n'abandi kandi ikora ingendo ndende |
| Uburyo bwinshi | Kugeza kuri 2 km | Porogaramu zo mu nyubako n'ibigo by'amakuru |
Ibigo bigomba gusuzuma imiterere y'umuyoboro wabyo n'ibyo bikeneye kugira ngo bimenye ubwoko bw'imigozi ikwiriye ijyanye n'ibyo bikeneye mu ntera.
Gusuzuma ibikenewe kuri Bandwidth
Ibisabwa kuri bandwidth biterwa n'ingano n'umuvuduko w'ihererekanya ry'amakuru. Fibre ya mode imwe ishyigikira umuvuduko wo hejuru w'amakuru, akenshi irenga miligarama icumi ku isegonda, bigatuma iba ingenzi ku miyoboro ifite ubushobozi bwo hejuru nka serivisi z'itumanaho na interineti. Fibre ya Multimode ikoreshwa neza kugira ngo ikoreshe bandwidth nini mu ntera ngufi, bigatuma ikoreshwa neza ku bigo by'amakuru n'imiyoboro yo mu gace. Ariko, uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza amakuru bugabanya ubushobozi bwayo mu gihe kirekire.
Insinga za fiber optique zo mu buryo bumwe ni ingenzi mu nganda zikenera kohereza amakuru menshi, nka serivisi za cloud computing na cable TV. Multimode fiber iracyari amahitamo meza ku bigo bishyira imbere ikoranabuhanga rinini mu myanya ifunze.
Kureba inzitizi z'ingengo y'imari
Ingengo y'imari ikunze kugira ingaruka ku guhitamo hagati ya fibre imwe na fibre nyinshi. Sisitemu imwe ya fibre itwara amashanyarazi itwara amashanyarazi itwara amashanyarazi itwara amashanyarazi menshi bitewe n'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho n'ibisabwa mu gushyiraho neza. Ariko, itanga ubushobozi bwo kwaguka no kugira agaciro k'igihe kirekire ku bigo biteganya iterambere ry'ejo hazaza. Sisitemu za fibre nyinshi zihendutse cyane, zifite ikoranabuhanga ryoroshye kandi zigabanya amafaranga yo gushyiraho.
- Uburyo bwo kwaguka: Fibre zo mu bwoko bumwe ni nziza cyane ku bikoresho binini bisaba gukura mu gihe kizaza.
- Ingengo y'imari: Imigozi ya Multimode ikwiriye cyane ku ngengo y'imari nto n'ibikenewe byihutirwa.
Ibigo bigomba gusuzuma ikiguzi mbere y'igihe ugereranije n'inyungu z'igihe kirekire kugira ngo bifate icyemezo gishingiye ku makuru arambuye.
Guhuza ubwoko bwa Fibre n'ibikorwa by'ubucuruzi
Guhitamo ubwoko bwa fibre bigomba guhuzwa n'ibikorwa byihariye by'ubucuruzi. Fibre y'uburyo bumwe ni nziza ku itumanaho rikorerwa kure, serivisi za interineti yihuta, no ku bigo binini bitanga amakuru. Fibre y'uburyo bwinshi ikwiriye cyane ku bikorwa bikorerwa kure, nko ku miyoboro y'ahantu hamwe na seriveri mu bigo bitanga amakuru.
| Igipimo | Fiber y'uburyo bumwe (SMF) | Fiber y'uburyo bwinshi (MMF) |
|---|---|---|
| Ubugari bw'umuyoboro | Ishyigikira igipimo cyo hejuru cy'amakuru, akenshi irenga mirongo ya Gbps | Yakozwe neza kugira ngo ikoreshwe neza mu gihe cy'intera ngufi |
| Intera yo kohereza ubutumwa | Ishobora kohereza amakuru kugeza kuri km 100 idakoresheje uburyo bwo kongera ingufu | Ikora kugeza kuri metero 550 ku gipimo gito cy'amakuru |
| Porogaramu | Ni nziza cyane ku itumanaho rya kure n'imiyoboro ifite ubushobozi bwo hejuru | Ni byiza cyane ku bikoresho bikoresha imbaraga nyinshi kandi bikoreshwa mu ntera ngufi |
Iterambere mu bwoko bwa fibre zombi rikomeje kongera ubushobozi bwazo, rituma ibigo bishobora guhitamo ibisubizo bijyanye n'ibyo bikora.
Guhitamo insinga ya fiber optique ikwiye ni ingenzi cyane mu kunoza itumanaho ry’ubucuruzi. Insinga ya fiber optique ifite uburyo bumwe itanga imikorere idasanzwe ku bikorwa bireba kure kandi bifite bandwidth nyinshi, bigatuma iba nziza ku itumanaho no ku miyoboro minini. Ku rundi ruhande, fiber ya multimode itanga igisubizo gihendutse cyo kohereza amakuru mu ntera ngufi kandi yihuta cyane, cyane cyane mu bigo by’amakuru n’imiyoboro yo mu gace.
Ubukene bw’itumanaho ryihuse cyane, buterwa n’iterambere nka 5G n’ibigo bigezweho by’amakuru, bigaragaza akamaro k’imigozi myinshi mu bikorwa by’igihe gito. Ariko, muri rusange, imigozi ya fiber optique irusha imigozi y’umuringa mu muvuduko, kwizerwa, no mu gihe kirekire. Ibigo bigomba gusuzuma intera yabyo, umuvuduko w’itumanaho, n’ingengo y’imari yabyo kugira ngo bifate icyemezo gishingiye ku makuru. Dowell atanga ibisubizo bya fiber optique byihariye kugira ngo bihuze n’ibikenewe bitandukanye by’ubucuruzi.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa
Ni irihe tandukaniro nyamukuru riri hagati ya fibre ya single-mode na multimode?
Fibre y'uburyo bumweyohereza urumuri mu nzira imwe, bigatuma habaho itumanaho rya kure. Fibre ya Multimode yemerera inzira nyinshi z'urumuri, bigatuma ikoreshwa mu ntera ngufi.
Ese fibre ya multimode ishobora gushyigikira kohereza amakuru yihuta cyane?
Yego,fibre y'uburyo bwinshiIshyigikira kohereza amakuru ku muvuduko wo hejuru, ubusanzwe igera kuri 100 Gbps. Ariko, imikorere yayo iragabanuka mu ntera ndende bitewe no gukwirakwira kwa modal.
Ni ubuhe bwoko bwa fibre buhendutse ku bucuruzi?
Fibre ya Multimode ihendutse cyane ku miyoboro ikoreshwa mu ntera ngufi bitewe n’uko igabanuka ry’ibiciro byo kuyishyiraho n’ibikoresho. Fibre ya Single-mode itanga agaciro gakomeye ku miyoboro ikoreshwa mu ntera ndende kandi ifite bandwidth nyinshi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-26-2025