A agasanduku ka fiber optique, harimo byombiagasanduku k'inyuma ka fiber optiquenaagasanduku k'imbere k'umuyoboro wa fiber optiquemoderi, ihindura ibimenyetso by'urumuri biva kuriagasanduku k'insinga ya fiber optiqueGuhuza amakuru y’ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo bikoreshwe kuri interineti. Bitandukanye na modemu zisanzwe, zitunganya ibimenyetso by’amashanyarazi, ikoranabuhanga rya fiber optique ritanga umuvuduko ungana na 25 Gbps,gutinda guke, no kwizerwa bidasanzwe.Imiyoboro ya Fiber Optic Pigtailkurushaho kugabanya ubwinshi bw'itumanaho n'ubwinshi bw'itumanaho, bigatuma fibre iba amahitamo meza kuri interineti igezweho kandi yihuta.
Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe
- Udusanduku twa Fiber Optickoresha ibimenyetso by'urumuri kugira ngo utange interineti yihuta cyane kandi yizewe ifite umuvuduko ugera kuri 25 Gbps, irusha cyane modemu zisanzwe zikoresha ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi kandi zigatanga umuvuduko muto.
- Modemu zihindura amakuru ya digitale mo ibimenyetso bikwiranye n'imirongo y'umuringa cyangwa insinga, bigatuma abantu bashobora gukoresha interineti ariko bafite imbogamizi mu muvuduko, intera, no gutinda ugereranije naikoranabuhanga rya fiber optique.
- Guhitamo udusanduku twa fiber optique bitanga umutekano mwiza, kugabanya igipimo cyo gutsindwa, no kuzana imiyoboro idashobora kuzahura n’ibibazo mu gihe kizaza, bigatuma tuba ingirakamaro ku ngo n’ibigo by’ubucuruzi bishaka gukora neza no kwaguka.
Agasanduku ka Fiber Optic: Icyo ari cyo n'uko gakora
Ibisobanuro n'Umurimo w'ingenzi
A agasanduku ka fiber optiqueIkora nk'ihuriro rikomeye ryo gucunga no kurinda insinga za fibre optique haba mu miyoboro y'amazu n'iy'ubucuruzi. Iki gikoresho gitunganya imiyoboro y'insinga, kirinda insinga kwangirika kw'ibidukikije n'imashini, kandi kigatuma amakuru yoherezwa mu buryo buhamye kandi bwihuta. Udusanduku twa fibre optique dukoreshwa muri iki gihe.ibyuma bihuza byihuse n'ibikoresho bikomeyekugira ngo bigabanye igihombo cy'amakuru no gutanga uburyo bwihuse kandi bwizewe bwo guhuza. Moderi nyinshi zifite igipimo cya IP68 kidapfa amazi, gihamya ko kidapfa mu bihe bikomeye. Utu dusanduku kandi dushyigikira uburyo bwo kwaguka bw'umuyoboro, bigatuma byoroha kwaguka uko ubusabe bwa interineti bwiyongera. Uduce dutandukanya amajwi imbere mu gasanduku tugabanya ibimenyetso byinjira, bigatuma umurongo umwe wa fibre ukorera abakoresha benshi cyangwa ibikoresho neza. Inzu zo ku rukuta za fibre optique, akenshi zihuzwa n'utu dusanduku, zihuza neza n'ibikoresho by'abakoresha kandi zigatanga amakuru yihuta cyane nta nkomyi nyinshi.
Icyitonderwa: Udusanduku twa Fiber optique tugira uruhare runini mu gukwirakwiza imiyoboro izarinda ejo hazaza, bigatuma tuba ingenzi kuri interineti yizewe kandi yihuta mu ngo, mu bucuruzi no mu nganda.
Uburyo Agasanduku ka Fiber Optic gahindura ibimenyetso by'urumuri
Agasanduku ka fiber optique gakora mu gucunga ihinduranya n'ikwirakwizwa ry'ibimenyetso by'urumuri bitwara amakuru binyuze muri fibre optique. Ku mpera yo kohereza amakuru, ibikoresho nka LED cyangwa laser diodes bitanga imirasire y'urumuri iturutse ku bimenyetso by'amashanyarazi. Ibi bice binyura muri fibre, biyobowe n'ishusho rusange ry'imbere, rituma igihombo cy'ibimenyetso kigabanuka cyane. Iyo urumuri rugeze muri fibre optique, photodiodes zihindura urumuri zigasubiramo ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi kugira ngo bikoreshwe na routers cyangwa ibindi bikoresho by'itumanaho. Amplifiers muri sisitemu zigumana imbaraga z'ibimenyetso mu ntera ndende, zishyigikira kohereza amakuru mu birometero icumi cyangwa amagana. Ikoranabuhanga rya multiplexing, nka wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), ryemerera imiyoboro myinshi y'amakuru gutembera icyarimwe ku mirasire itandukanye y'urumuri, byongera cyane umuvuduko wa bandwidth n'umuvuduko wo guhuza amakuru. Ibizamini byagaragaje ko izi sisitemu zishobora kohereza amakuru mu birometero 150 zikoresheje imirasire myinshi y'urumuri, bigaragaza koudusanduku twa fibre optiquemu gushyigikira interineti yihuta kandi yizewe.
Modemu: Intego n'imikorere
Ibisobanuro n'Umurimo w'ingenzi
Modem, mu magambo ahinnye asobanura modulator-demodulator, ikora nk'igikoresho cy'ingenzi mu guhuza interineti igezweho. Ihindura amakuru ya digitale ava kuri mudasobwa cyangwa routers mu bimenyetso bya analog bishobora kunyura ku mirongo ya terefone isanzwe. Iyo amakuru avuye kuri interineti, modem ihindura iyi nzira, igahindura ibimenyetso bya analog mu makuru ya digitale kugira ngo ikoreshwe n'ibikoresho bihujwe. Modem za mbere zakoreshaga umuvuduko muto cyane, nka bits 300 ku isegonda, ariko ikoranabuhanga ryateye imbere cyane. Modem za internet zikoresha internet muri iki gihe zishobora kugera ku muvuduko wa megabit amagana ku isegonda. Imbere, modem irimo controller, digital-to-analog na analog-to-digital converters, hamwe n'uburyo bwo kubona amakuru. Hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa modem, harimo dial-up, loaned-line, internet, na software-based models. Buri bwoko butanga serivisi ku bikenewe byihariye bya network n'uburyo bufatika.
Modemubiracyari ingenzi mu guhuza ingo n'ibigo by'ubucuruzi kuri interineti, bihindura imiterere y'amakuru kugira ngo ihuze n'ubwoko butandukanye bwa serivisi.
- Modemu zigabanya icyuho kiri hagati y’umuyoboro w’aho utuye na interineti binyuze mu guhindura ibimenyetso biva ku mutanga serivisi za interineti (ISP) mu makuru ibyuma bishobora gukoresha.
- Bishyigikira uburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga, nka DSL, cable, cyangwa fibre, bigatuma habaho guhuza kwagutse.
- Modemu zituma umuntu abasha kugera kuri interineti mu buryo butaziguye binyuze mu guhuza aho umukoresha aherereye n'ibikorwa remezo by'umutanga serivisi.
- Modem nyinshi zigezweho zikorana na routers, zitanga imicungire y'umuyoboro w'itumanaho n'umutekano.
- Ibikoresho bya modem-router bihujwe byoroshya ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryabyo kandi bikanoza ubwizerwe ku bakoresha.
- Hatabayeho modem, gukoresha interineti mu buryo butaziguye ntibishoboka.
Uburyo Modem Itunganya Ibimenyetso by'Amashanyarazi
| Igice | Modemu (Modulator-Demodulator) | Udusanduku twa Fiber Optic (Itumanaho n'Itumanaho) |
|---|---|---|
| Imikorere yo Gutunganya Amajwi | Guhindura no gukuraho ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi mu buryo bwa digitale mu bimenyetso bikwiriye gukoreshwa mu byuma bikwirakwiza amashanyarazi. | Imashini zihindura ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi mu buryo bwa digitale, zigahindura ibimenyetso by'urumuri bihinduka ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi. |
| Uburyo bwo Guhindura Impinduka | Guhindura/guhindura ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi (urugero, ubwinshi bw'amajwi cyangwa ubwinshi bw'amajwi). | Guhindura urumuri hakoreshejwe Electro-optical: guhindura imbaraga z'urumuri hakoreshejwe LED cyangwa laser diodes; guhindura urumuri hakoreshejwe photodiodes. |
| Ibice by'ingenzi | Uduce twa modulateur na demodulateur dukoresha ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi. | Itumanaho: LED cyangwa diode za laser zikoreshwa n'ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi; Iyakira: photodiode (PIN cyangwa APD), resistor za bias, pre-amplifiers zikoresha urusaku ruke. |
| Ihuza ry'Ikimenyetso | Ibyuma bikwirakwiza amashanyarazi (urugero: insinga z'umuringa). | Insinga z'urumuri zikoresha imirasire y'amatara. |
| Ibiranga Ihindagurika ry'Ihindagurika | Ihindura imiraba y'amashanyarazi kugira ngo igaragaze amakuru ya digitale (0′s na 1′s). | Ihindura ubukana bw'urumuri kugira ngo rugaragaze amakuru ya digitale; LED zitanga igisubizo cy'imbaraga zishingiye ku murongo, diode za laser zitanga imbaraga n'umuvuduko mwinshi ariko zifite imiterere idashingiye ku murongo. |
| Inyandiko z'amateka/igishushanyo mbonera | Ibikoresho bisanzwe bikora modulation/demodulation. | Imashini zo kohereza amakuru za mbere zari imiterere yihariye; ubu modules za hybrid zifite circuits zivanze na diode optique; imiterere y’ibishushanyo yariyongereye uko amakuru yiyongeraga. |
Iyi mbonerahamwe igaragaza itandukaniro rya tekiniki hagati y’uburyo modemu n’udusanduku twa fibre optique bitunganya ibimenyetso. Modemu zibanda ku bimenyetso by’amashanyarazi n’insinga z’umuringa, mu gihe udusanduku twa fibre optique dufata ibimenyetso by’urumuri n’udusanduku twa optique.
Agasanduku ka Fiber Optic vs Modem: Itandukaniro ry'ingenzi
Ikoranabuhanga n'ubwoko bw'ibimenyetso
Udusanduku twa fibre optique na modemu zikoresha ikoranabuhanga ritandukanye cyane mu kohereza amakuru. Agasanduku ka fibre optique gacunga kandi gatunganya insinga za fibre, kagatuma habaho guhuza guhamye no gutakaza ibimenyetso bike. Ntabwo gahindura ibimenyetso ahubwo gakora nk'ahantu ho gukwirakwiza urumuri runyura mu birahuri cyangwa mu migozi ya pulasitiki. Mu buryo bunyuranye, modemu ikora nk'ikiraro gihuza ibikoresho bya digitale n'uburyo bwo kohereza amakuru. Ihindura ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi bya digitale bivuye kuri mudasobwa cyangwa routers mu bimenyetso bya analog cyangwa optique, bitewe n'ubwoko bwa network.
Ikoranabuhanga rya Fiber optique rikoresha ibimenyetso by'urumuri bitangwa na LED cyangwa diode za laser. Izi pulse z'urumuri zinyura mu migozi mito, zitanga umuvuduko mwinshi w'amashanyarazi n'ubudahangarwa ku mvururu za elegitoroniki. Modemu, cyane cyane izagenewe imiyoboro ya fibre, zikora ihinduka hagati y'ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi n'ibya optique. Zikoresha uburyo bwo guhindura amakuru kugira ngo zishyire amakuru ku byuma by'urumuri cyangwa iby'amashanyarazi. Ubwoko butandukanye bwa modemu, nkoE1, V35, RS232, RS422, na RS485, ishyigikira intera zitandukanye z'amakuru n'intera, bigatuma ikoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye bw'ikoranabuhanga.
Udusanduku twa Fiber optique ducunga cyane cyane ibikorwa remezo bya cable, mu gihe modemu zikora akazi k'ingenzi ko guhindura ibimenyetso. Iri tandukaniro rigira uruhare mu miyoboro ya none.
Umuvuduko n'imikorere
Umuvuduko n'imikorere bigaragaza itandukaniro rikomeye hagati y'udusanduku twa fiber optique na modemu zisanzwe. Udusanduku twa fiber optique dushyigikira kohereza amakuru ku muvuduko uri hejuru cyane, akenshi tukagera kuri 25 Gbps cyangwa irenga. Gukoresha imiyoboro y'urumuri bituma kohereza amakuru byihuse icyarimwe kandi bidatinze cyane. Insinga za fiber optique zishobora gutwara amakuru menshi hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga nka wavelength division multiplexing, ibyo bikaba byongera ubushobozi.
Modemu, cyane cyane izikoresha insinga z'umuringa, zihura n'imbogamizi haba ku muvuduko no ku ntera. Ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi biragabanuka mu ntera ndende, bigatuma umuvuduko wo gushyiramo amakuru ugabanuka ndetse n'igihe cyo gutinda cyane. Ndetse na modemu zigezweho za cable ntabwo zihura n'umuvuduko wo gushyira no gukura amakuru utangwa na sisitemu za fiber optique. Udusanduku twa fibre optique, nk'utwo dutangwa na Dowell, dutuma ubucuruzi n'amazu binjira.interineti yihuta cyanezishyigikira uburyo bwo kureba amashusho, imikino, na porogaramu zo mu bicu nta nkomyi.
| Ikiranga | Agasanduku ka Fiber Optic | Modemu (Umuringa/Insinga) |
|---|---|---|
| Ubwoko bw'ikimenyetso | Amajwi yoroheje | Ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi |
| Umuvuduko ntarengwa | Kugeza kuri 25 Gbps+ | Kugeza kuri 1 Gbps (ibisanzwe) |
| Gutinda | Hasi cyane | Hagati kugeza hejuru |
| Intera | Ibilometero 100+ | Ni nke (km nke) |
| Ubugari bw'umuyoboro | Hejuru cyane | Iringaniye |
Umutekano n'Ubwizerwe
Umutekano no kwizerana bigira uruhare runini mu gufata ibyemezo by’ibikorwa remezo by’urusobe rw’itumanaho. Udusanduku twa Fiber optique dutanga uburinzi bukomeye ku buryo amashanyarazi adashobora kwivanga, ibyo bigatuma habaho imikorere myiza ndetse no mu bidukikije bifite urusaku rwinshi rw’amashanyarazi. Imiterere y’insinga za fibre optique ituma bigorana kuzikoraho hatabayeho kuzimenya, bikongera umutekano w’amakuru. Sisitemu za Fiber optique nazo zibura akazi kenshi kandi zikenera gusanwa gake ugereranije n’imiyoboro ishingiye ku muringa.
Ariko, imiterere y'ibikoresho bya fiber optique mu dusanduku ishobora guteza ikibazo cy'amashanyarazi (EMI), cyane cyane ku muhanda cyangwa mu rugo. Iyi EMI ishobora kunyura mu nsinga z'umuringa kandi ikagira ingaruka ku bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga byoroheje. Ibigo nka Dowell bikemura ibi bibazo binyuze mu gushushanya udusanduku twa fiber optique dufite uburinzi bwiza n'ubwubatsi bukomeye, kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere no kongera ubwizerwe muri rusange.
Modemu, cyane cyane izifite imikorere ihanitse, zemerera abakoresha kugenzura imyuka ihumanya ikirere (EMF). Hari modemu zimwe na zimwe zituma abakoresha bashobora guhagarika Wi-Fi cyangwa gukoresha routers nke za EMF, ibi bikaba bishobora kugabanya uburyo radio ikoreshwa mu rugo. Nubwo modemu za cable zishobora gutanga ubushobozi bwo kugenzura EMF, ntizishobora kugera ku mutekano n'ubwirinzi bw'ikoranabuhanga rya fiber optique.
Inama: Ku bakoresha bashaka umutekano n'ubwirinzi bwo hejuru, udusanduku twa fiber optique duturuka ku nganda zizwi nka Dowell dutanga igisubizo kizaba gihamye mu gihe kizaza ku miyoboro yo mu rugo no ku bucuruzi.
Agasanduku ka Fiber Optic na Modem mu miterere yo mu rugo no mu bucuruzi
Guhuza urusobe rw'itumanaho mu rugo bisanzwe
Muri iki gihe, imiyoboro yo mu rugo ikunze kwishingikiriza ku bikorwa remezo bigezweho kugira ngo itange interineti yihuse kandi yizewe kuri buri cyumba. Ingo nyinshi zikoresha interineti.insinga za fiber optique, nka PureFiber PRO, kugira ngo habeho umuvuduko wuzuye wa modem mu rugo. Ubu buryo bukuraho gutinda no kugabanuka k'umuvuduko bikunze kubaho ku nsinga za CAT zisanzwe. Abaturage bakunze gushyira fibre ya Ethernet kuri adaptateri 4-port mu nzu zo kubamo, bigatuma ibikoresho byinshi—nk'amashusho ya Smart TV, imikino yo kuri consoles, telefoni za VOIP, n'ahantu ho kwinjira kuri WiFi—bishobora guhuzwa icyarimwe. Ingo zimwe na zimwe zishyira izi adaptateri mu kabati k'amashanyarazi, bigatuma habaho switch nyinshi zishobora kwaguka kugira ngo zigurwe mu gihe kizaza.
Abashushanya imiyoboro y'itumanaho bakunze gukoresha imiyoboro ya MPO na LC, itanga uburyo butandukanye bwo guhuza imiyoboro y'itumanaho ku mugozi umwe. Ubu buryo butuma imiyoboro itandukanye ikoreshwa mu bikorwa bitandukanye, nko gukorera mu rugo, gukora mu rugo mu buryo bwihuse, cyangwa kureba mu buryo bwihuse abana. Ibikoresho bifite imiyoboro ya SFP na HDMI 2.1 bishobora guhuza mu buryo butaziguye, bigatuma amashusho ya 4K cyangwa 8K adakandagijwe. Ba nyir'amazu bungukira mu gushyiraho porogaramu, ibyuma byo ku rukuta byoroshye, no kuvugurura imiyoboro y'itumanaho byoroshye. Ibi bintu byemeza ko umuyoboro munini w'itumanaho ugenda wiyongera, nta gutinda, kandi ko bizarinda mu gihe kizaza ibyo ukeneye mu ikoranabuhanga bihinduka.
Ibitekerezo ku mikoranire y'ubucuruzi
Ubucuruzi bukenera ibikorwa remezo bikomeye, bishobora kwaguka, kandi birinzwe n'umutekano. Imiryango ikunze gukoresha ibyuma bikoresha imiyoboro ya optique (ONTs) kugira ngo bihindure ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi mu mashanyarazi kugira ngo bikoreshwe mu miyoboro y'ibiro. ONTs zikunze gutanga imiyoboro myinshi ya Ethernet yihuta, inkunga ya VoIP, n'ibikoresho by'umutekano bigezweho nka AES encryption. Ibigo bihuza ONTs na routers zihuta cyane na switch za Gigabit, bigakwirakwiza interineti mu mashami n'ibikoresho bitandukanye.
Imbonerahamwe iri hepfo igaragaza muri make uburyo tekiniki ihuzwa:
| Igice | Udusanduku twa Fiber Optic(IBYIHARIYE) | Modemu |
|---|---|---|
| Imikorere y'ibanze | Guhindura amashanyarazi hakoreshejwe uburyo bw'ikoranabuhanga | Guhindura ikimenyetso cya DSL/insinga |
| Iyubahirizwa ry'Amahame Ngenderwaho | GPON, XGS-PON | Ibipimo ngenderwaho bya DSL/insinga |
| Imiterere y'icyambu | Imbuga nyinshi za Ethernet zihuta cyane | Imbuga za Ethernet |
| Ibiranga umutekano | Guhindura imiterere ya AES, kwemeza | Ishingiro, ritandukanye bitewe n'icyitegererezo |
| Ibindi Bikoresho | Gusubiza inyuma bateri, VoIP, LAN idakoresha umugozi | Ihinduranya ry'ikimenyetso cy'ibanze |
Inyigo zerekana ko imiryango nka Eurotransplant yagabanyije ikiguzi cyose cyo gutunga ku kigero cya 40% ikoresheje ibisubizo bya fiber optique ku bigo by'amakuru by'ingenzi. Abatanga serivisi, nka Netomnia, bubatse imiyoboro ishobora kwaguka ishyigikira iterambere rya 800G bakoresheje ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rya fiber optique. Izi ngero zigaragaza impinduka kuva kuri modemu gakondo kugera kuri fibre-based solutions, bitewe no gukenera bandwidth yo hejuru, kwizerana, no gutegura ibikorwa remezo bizaza.
Guhitamo hagati ya Fiber Optic Box na Modem
Ibintu byo Kuzirikana: Umuvuduko, Umutanga, no Kubana neza
Guhitamo igikoresho gikwiye cyo guhuza interineti bisaba gusuzuma neza ibintu byinshi. Umuvuduko ni cyo kibazo cy'ingenzi ku bakoresha benshi. Sisitemu zishingiye kuri fibre zitanga umuvuduko munini cyane kurusha izindi nzira za cable cyangwa DSL. Urugero, imiyoboro ya fibre ishobora gutanga umuvuduko wo hejuru kugeza kuri 40 Gb/s ihuriweho n'abakoresha, mu gihe sisitemu za cable zikoresha DOCSIS 3.1 zisanzwe zigera kuri 1 Gb/s gusa. Uburemere nabwo buratandukanye cyane. Imiyoboro ya fibre ikunze kugumana uburemere buri munsi ya milisegonda 1.5, ndetse no mu ntera ndende. Sisitemu za cable, ku rundi ruhande, zishobora kugira uburemere bwiyongereye kuva kuri milisegonda 2 kugeza kuri 8 bitewe n'uburyo bwo gutanga umuvuduko. Uburemere buke n'uburemere bwinshi bitanga uburambe bwiza ku bikorwa nko gukorana kuri videwo, gukina imikino kuri interineti, no kumenya ukuri kuri virtual.
Abatanga serivisi bagira uruhare runini mu guhitamo ibikoresho. Hari abatanga serivisi batanga ibikoresho by’abakiriya, nka modemu cyangwa routers, nta kiguzi cy’inyongera. Amabwiriza agenga serivisi asaba abatanga serivisi kubahiriza amabwiriza agenga imikorere. Nibura 80% by’ibipimo by’umuvuduko bigomba kugera kuri 80% by’umuvuduko usabwa, naho 95% by’ibipimo by’umuvuduko bigomba kuguma kuri milisegonda 100 cyangwa munsi yayo. Abatanga serivisi bagomba kandi gukora ibizamini by’umuvuduko n’umuvuduko mu masaha yo kwihuta kugira ngo barebe ko imikorere ihoraho. Ibi bisabwa bifasha abakoresha kugereranya ireme rya serivisi mu batanga serivisi batandukanye.
Guhuza ibintu biracyari ikindi kintu cy'ingenzi. Si ibikoresho byose bikora neza kuri buri bwoko bw'imiyoboro. Abahindura itangazamakuru na modemu bafite intego zitandukanye. Abahindura itangazamakuru bakora ihinduranya ryoroheje ry'ibimenyetso hagati y'ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi n'iby'amashanyarazi, mu gihe modemu zikora modulation na demodulation mu itumanaho rya elegitoroniki. Abakoresha bagomba kugenzura ko igikoresho bahisemo gishyigikira protocole na interfaces bisabwa n'ibidukikije by'imiyoboro yabo.
| Igipimo | Sisitemu zishingiye kuri Fibre | Sisitemu za Cable/DSL |
|---|---|---|
| Bandwidth ntarengwa | Kugeza kuri 40 Gb/s (isangiwe) | Kugeza kuri 1 Gb/s (DOCSIS 3.1) |
| Ubukererwe busanzwe | < 1.5 ms | 2–8 ms |
| Uruhare rw'Umutanga | Akenshi itanga ONT/Router | Akenshi itanga Modem/Router |
| Guhuza | Ikenera igikoresho giteguye fibre | Isaba modemu ya cable/DSL |
Inama: Buri gihe banza wemeze ko igikoresho cyawe gihuye n'ikigo gitanga serivisi za interineti mbere yo kugura.
A agasanduku ka fiber optiqueicunga amakuru ashingiye ku mucyo afite igipimo cyo gutsindwa kiri hasi ugereranyije na modem, nk'uko bigaragara hano hepfo:
| Igice | Igipimo cy'itsindwa (Ku mwaka) |
|---|---|
| Insinga ya Fiber-Optic | 0.1% kuri kilometero imwe |
| Imashini zitanga urumuri | 1% |
| Imashini zitanga urumuri | 1.5–3% |
| Shyiraho Ibikoresho by'Imbere / Modemu | 7% |
Abakoresha benshi bungukira ku muvuduko, ubwizerwe, n'igishushanyo mbonera cy'ejo hazaza cyaagasanduku ka fiber optique.
Byanditswe na: Eric
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-08-2025