A agasanduku ka fibre optique, harimo byombiagasanduku ka fibre optique hanzenaagasanduku ka fibre optiqueicyitegererezo, ihindura ibimenyetso byumucyo kuvaagasanduku ka fibre optiqueguhuza amakuru ya sisitemu yo gukoresha interineti. Bitandukanye na modem gakondo, itunganya ibimenyetso byamashanyarazi, tekinoroji ya fibre optique itanga umuvuduko ungana na 25 Gbps,ubukererwe buke, no kwizerwa bidasanzwe.Fibre optique ihuza ingurubekurushaho kugabanya kwivanga no guhagarara, gukora fibre ihitamo kuri enterineti igezweho, yihuta.
Ibyingenzi
- Agasanduku ka fibre optiquekoresha ibimenyetso byoroheje kugirango utange interineti yihuta, yizewe ifite umuvuduko ugera kuri 25 Gbps, urenze kure modem gakondo zishingiye kubimenyetso byamashanyarazi kandi bitanga umuvuduko muke.
- Modem ihindura imibare ya digitale mubimenyetso bikwiranye numurongo wumuringa cyangwa insinga, bigafasha interineti ariko hamwe nimbogamizi mumuvuduko, intera, nubukererwe ugereranijetekinoroji ya fibre optique.
- Guhitamo fibre optique itanga umutekano mwiza, igipimo cyo kunanirwa kugabanuka, hamwe numuyoboro utazaza, bigatuma uba mwiza kumazu no mubucuruzi bashaka imikorere ihanitse kandi nini.
Agasanduku ka Fibre optique: Icyo aricyo nuburyo ikora
Ibisobanuro n'imikorere nyamukuru
A agasanduku ka fibre optiqueikora nk'ihuriro rikuru ryo gucunga no kurinda insinga za fibre optique haba mumiturire ndetse nubucuruzi. Iki gikoresho gitegura imiyoboro ya kabili, ikingira fibre kwangiza ibidukikije nubukanishi, kandi ikemeza kohereza amakuru ahamye, yihuta. Agasanduku ka fibre optique ikoreshwaumuhuza wihuse hamwe na adapteri zikomeyekugabanya gutakaza ibimenyetso no gutanga byihuse, byizewe. Moderi nyinshi zigaragaza igipimo cya IP68 kitagira amazi, cyemeza kuramba mubihe bibi. Utwo dusanduku kandi dushyigikira imiyoboro ihanitse, itanga kwaguka byoroshye nkuko interineti ikenera kwiyongera. Amacakubiri meza imbere yagasanduku agabanya ibimenyetso byinjira, bigafasha umurongo umwe wa fibre kugirango ukoreshe abakoresha benshi cyangwa ibikoresho neza. Fibre optique isohoka, akenshi ihujwe naya masanduku, ihuza neza nibikoresho byabakoresha kandi utange amakuru yihuta cyane hamwe nimbogamizi nto.
Icyitonderwa: Agasanduku ka fibre optique gafite uruhare runini mumiyoboro yerekana ejo hazaza, bigatuma iba ngombwa kuri interineti yizewe, yihuta cyane mumazu, mubucuruzi, no mubikorwa byinganda.
Nigute agasanduku ka fibre optique ihindura ibimenyetso byumucyo
Agasanduku ka fibre optique ikora mugucunga no gukwirakwiza ibimenyetso byurumuri bitwara amakuru binyuze mumibiri ya optique. Ku ihererekanyabubasha, ibikoresho nka LED cyangwa diode ya laser bitanga impanuka ziva mumashanyarazi. Iyi pulses igenda inyuze muri fibre, iyobowe nigitekerezo cyimbere cyimbere, ituma gutakaza ibimenyetso biri hasi cyane. Iyo urumuri rugeze kuri fibre optique, fotodiode ihindura urumuri mubimenyetso byamashanyarazi kugirango bikoreshwe na router cyangwa ibindi bikoresho byurusobe. Amplifiers muri sisitemu ikomeza ibimenyetso byerekana intera ndende, ishyigikira ihererekanyamakuru ryambukiranya kilometero mirongo cyangwa amagana. Tekinoroji ya Multiplexing, nka diviziyo yuburebure igabanya (WDM), ituma imigezi myinshi igenda icyarimwe icyarimwe kuburebure butandukanye, byongera cyane umurongo wihuta nu muvuduko. Ibizamini byo mu murima byerekanye ko sisitemu zishobora kohereza amakuru hejuru ya kilometero 150 ukoresheje uburebure bwumurongo mwinshi, byerekana imikorere yaagasanduku ka fibre optiquemugushigikira umuvuduko wihuse, wizewe wa enterineti.
Modem: Intego no Gukora
Ibisobanuro n'imikorere nyamukuru
Modem, ngufi kuri modulator-demodulator, ikora nkigikoresho cyingenzi muguhuza interineti igezweho. Ihindura imibare ya mudasobwa kuva mudasobwa cyangwa router mubimenyetso bisa bishobora kugenda kumurongo wa terefone gakondo. Iyo amakuru ageze kuri enterineti, modem ihindura iyi nzira, ihindura ibimenyetso bisa bigasubira mumibare ya digitale kugirango ikoreshwe nibikoresho bihujwe. Modem yo hambere yakoraga kumuvuduko muke cyane, nka 300 bits kumasegonda, ariko ikoranabuhanga ryateye imbere kuburyo bugaragara. Modem ya Broadband modem irashobora kugera kumuvuduko mumajana ya megabits kumasegonda. Imbere, modem ikubiyemo umugenzuzi, sisitemu-kuri-igereranya na analog-kuri-digitale, hamwe nuburyo bwo kubona amakuru. Ubwoko butandukanye bwa modem burahari, harimo guhamagarwa, gukodeshwa-umurongo, umurongo mugari, hamwe na software ishingiye kuri software. Buri bwoko butanga imiyoboro ikenewe hamwe nuburyo bugaragara.
Modemguma nkenerwa muguhuza amazu nubucuruzi kuri enterineti, guhuza imiterere yamakuru kugirango uhuze nubwoko butandukanye bwa serivisi.
- Modem ikuraho icyuho kiri hagati yurusobe rwibanze na interineti muguhindura ibimenyetso bitangwa na serivise ya interineti (ISP) mumibare ibikoresho bishobora gukoresha.
- Bashyigikira uburyo butandukanye bwumubiri, nka DSL, umugozi, cyangwa fibre, byemeza ubwuzuzanye bwagutse.
- Modem ituma umurongo wa interineti utaziguye uhuza aho ukoresha nibikorwa remezo bya ISP.
- Modem nyinshi zigezweho zihuza na router, zitanga imiyoboro hamwe nibiranga umutekano.
- Ibikoresho bya modem-router bihujwe byoroshya kwishyiriraho no kunoza ubwizerwe kubakoresha.
- Hatari modem, kwinjira kuri enterineti ntibishoboka.
Uburyo Modem itunganya ibimenyetso byamashanyarazi
| Icyerekezo | Modem (Modulator-Demodulator) | Agasanduku ka fibre optique (Kohereza no kwakira) |
|---|---|---|
| Igikorwa cyo gutunganya ibimenyetso | Guhindura no kugabanya ibimenyetso byamashanyarazi ya digitale mubimenyetso bibereye itangazamakuru ryogukwirakwiza amashanyarazi. | Imashanyarazi ihindura ibimenyetso byamashanyarazi mubyuma byerekana urumuri; abakira bahindura ibimenyetso bya optique bagaruka kubimenyetso byamashanyarazi. |
| Uburyo bwo Guhindura | Guhindura ibimenyetso byamashanyarazi / demodulation (urugero, amplitude cyangwa modulation modulation). | Gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi-optique: guhindura imbaraga zumucyo ukoresheje LED cyangwa diode ya laser; Guhindura optique-amashanyarazi ukoresheje fotodiode. |
| Ibyingenzi | Inzira ya modulator na demodulator ikora ibimenyetso byamashanyarazi. | Ikwirakwiza: LED cyangwa laser ya diode yahinduwe nibimenyetso byamashanyarazi; Uwakiriye: fotodiode (PIN cyangwa APD), irwanya kubogama, urusaku ruke-rwambere. |
| Ikimenyetso giciriritse | Itangazamakuru ryohereza amashanyarazi (urugero, insinga z'umuringa). | Umugozi wa fibre optique utwara ibimenyetso byerekana urumuri. |
| Ibiranga Guhindura | Guhindura amashanyarazi yikwirakwiza kugirango yerekane amakuru ya digitale (0′s na 1′s). | Guhindura urumuri rwerekana imibare yamakuru; LED itanga umurongo-imbaraga-igisubizo, diode ya laser itanga imbaraga n'umuvuduko mwinshi ariko hamwe nibiranga umurongo. |
| Inyandiko Amateka / Igishushanyo | Ibikoresho bisanzwe bikora modulation / demodulation. | Kohereza hakiri kare byari ibishushanyo mbonera; ubu Hybrid modules hamwe na sisitemu ihuriweho hamwe na optique ya optique; igishushanyo mbonera cyiyongereye hamwe nigipimo cyamakuru. |
Iyi mbonerahamwe irerekana itandukaniro rya tekiniki hagati yukuntu modem na fibre optique isanduku yerekana ibimenyetso. Modem yibanda kubimenyetso byamashanyarazi ninsinga z'umuringa, mugihe udusanduku twa fibre optique dukora ibimenyetso byoroheje na fibre optique.
Fibre Optic Box vs Modem: Itandukaniro ryingenzi
Ikoranabuhanga n'ubwoko bw'ikimenyetso
Fibre optique agasanduku na modem bishingiye kubuhanga butandukanye bwo kohereza amakuru. Agasanduku ka fibre optique icunga kandi igategura insinga za fibre, ikemeza guhuza neza no gutakaza ibimenyetso bike. Ntabwo ihindura ibimenyetso ahubwo ikora nk'ikwirakwizwa rya pulses zoroheje zinyura mu kirahure cyangwa fibre ya plastike. Ibinyuranyo, modem ikora nkikiraro hagati yibikoresho bya digitale nuburyo bwo kohereza. Ihindura ibimenyetso byamashanyarazi ya digitale kuva mudasobwa cyangwa router mubimenyetso bisa cyangwa optique, bitewe nubwoko bwurusobe.
Tekinoroji ya fibre optique ikoresha ibimenyetso byurumuri byakozwe na LED cyangwa diode ya laser. Izi mpanuka zoroheje zinyura mumibabi yoroheje, zitanga umurongo mwinshi hamwe nubudahangarwa bwumuriro wa electronique. Modem, cyane cyane yagenewe imiyoboro ya fibre, ikora ihinduka hagati yamashanyarazi na optique. Bakoresha tekinoroji yo guhinduranya kugirango bashire amakuru kumatara cyangwa amashanyarazi. Ubwoko butandukanye bwa modem, nkaE1, V35, RS232, RS422, na RS485, shyigikira ibipimo bitandukanye byamakuru hamwe nintera, bituma bikwiranye nurwego runini rwa porogaramu.
Agasanduku ka fibre optique gacunga cyane cyane ibikorwa remezo, mugihe modem ikora umurimo wingenzi wo guhindura ibimenyetso. Iri tandukaniro ryerekana uruhare rwabo mumiyoboro igezweho.
Umuvuduko n'imikorere
Umuvuduko n'imikorere byerekana itandukaniro rikomeye hagati ya fibre optique agasanduku na modem gakondo. Isanduku ya fibre optique ishyigikira ihererekanyamakuru ryihuta cyane, akenshi igera kuri 25 Gbps cyangwa irenga. Gukoresha urumuri rworoheje rutuma byihuta, icyarimwe amakuru yoherejwe hamwe nubukererwe buke cyane. Intsinga ya fibre optique irashobora gutwara amakuru menshi akoresheje ikoranabuhanga nka diviziyo ndende igabanya multiplexing, ibyo bikaba byongera ubushobozi.
Modem, cyane cyane abakoresha insinga z'umuringa, guhangana nimbogamizi haba mumuvuduko nintera. Ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi bitesha agaciro intera ndende, bikavamo umuvuduko muke nubukererwe bukabije. Ndetse modem ya kabili yateye imbere gake ihuza guhuza no gukuramo umuvuduko utangwa na sisitemu ya fibre optique. Agasanduku ka fibre optique, nkatanzwe na Dowell, ituma ubucuruzi ningo bigeraumurongo wa interineti wihutaibyo bifasha gutembera, gukina, hamwe nibicu bya porogaramu nta nkomyi.
| Ikiranga | Agasanduku ka Fibre | Modem (Umuringa / Umugozi) |
|---|---|---|
| Ubwoko bw'ikimenyetso | Impanuka yoroheje | Ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi |
| Umuvuduko Winshi | Kugera kuri 25 Gbps + | Kugera kuri 1 Gbps (bisanzwe) |
| Ubukererwe | Hasi cyane | Gereranya kugeza hejuru |
| Intera | 100+ km | Ntarengwa (km) |
| Umuyoboro mugari | Hejuru cyane | Guciriritse |
Umutekano no kwizerwa
Umutekano no kwizerwa bigira uruhare runini mubyemezo remezo byurusobe. Agasanduku ka fibre optique itanga uburinzi bukomeye bwo kwivanga kwa electronique, itanga imikorere ihamye ndetse no mubidukikije bifite urusaku rwinshi rwamashanyarazi. Imiterere yumubiri ya fibre optique ituma bigora gukanda utabimenye, byongera umutekano wamakuru. Sisitemu ya fibre optique nayo ibura bike kandi bisaba kubungabungwa bike ugereranije numuyoboro ushingiye kumuringa.
Nyamara, igishushanyo mbonera cyibikoresho bya fibre optique birashobora kubyara amashanyarazi (EMI), cyane cyane kumuhanda cyangwa murugo. Iyi EMI irashobora kunyura mu nsinga z'umuringa kandi ikagira ingaruka ku bikoresho bya elegitoroniki byoroshye. Ibigo nka Dowell bikemura ibyo bibazo mugushushanya udusanduku twa fibre optique ifite uburyo bunoze bwo gukingira no kubaka neza, kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere no kongera ubwizerwe muri rusange.
Modem, cyane cyane izifite imiterere igezweho, yemerera abakoresha kugenzura amashanyarazi yumuriro (EMF). Moderi zimwe zifasha abakoresha guhagarika Wi-Fi cyangwa gukoresha EM-router nkeya, zishobora kugabanya radiyo yumurongo murugo. Mugihe modem ya kabili ishobora gutanga abakoresha benshi kuri EMF, ntibishobora guhuza umutekano wihariye nibyiza byo kwizerwa rya fibre optique.
Impanuro: Kubakoresha bashaka urwego rwohejuru rwumutekano no kwizerwa, udusanduku twa fibre optique duhereye kubakora inganda zizwi nka Dowell zitanga igisubizo-kizaza kuburugo ndetse nubucuruzi.
Fibre Optic Agasanduku na Modem murugo no mubucuruzi
Imiyoboro isanzwe yo murugo
Imiyoboro yo murugo uyumunsi akenshi ishingiye kubikorwa remezo bigezweho kugirango itange interineti yihuse, yizewe muri buri cyumba. Ingo nyinshi zikoreshainsinga za fibre optique, nka PureFibre PRO, kugirango ugere kumuvuduko wuzuye modem murugo. Ubu buryo bukuraho gutinda no kugabanuka bikunze kugaragara hamwe ninsinga za CAT. Abaturage bakunze gushyiramo fibre 4-port kuri adaptate ya Ethernet ahantu hatuwe, bigatuma ibikoresho byinshi-nka TV ya Smart, imashini zikina imikino, terefone za VOIP, hamwe n’aho WiFi igera - icyarimwe. Amazu amwe n'amwe ya daisy-urunigi adapteri mu kabati k'amashanyarazi, ikora ibintu byinshi byuzuza ibyambu byinshi kugirango byiyongere.
Abashushanya imiyoboro bakunze gukoresha MPO kuri LC fibre breakout pigtail, itanga fibre yigenga yigenga kuri kabel. Iyi mikorere ituma imiyoboro itandukanye kubikorwa bitandukanye, nkakazi-kuva murugo, gukoresha urugo rwubwenge, cyangwa gushakisha umutekano wabana. Ibikoresho bifite ibibanza bya SFP hamwe na HDMI 2.1 birashobora guhuza bitaziguye, bigafasha amashusho ya 4K cyangwa 8K adahwitse. Ba nyir'urugo bungukirwa no gucomeka no gukina, ibyapa byoroshye, hamwe no kuzamura insinga byoroshye. Ibiranga byemeza umurongo mwinshi, nta gutinda, hamwe nigihe kizaza-gihinduranya ibikenewe bya digitale.
Ibitekerezo byubucuruzi
Ubucuruzi busaba ibikorwa remezo bikomeye, binini, kandi bifite umutekano. Amashyirahamwe akunze gukoresha imiyoboro ya optique (ONTs) kugirango ihindure ibimenyetso bya optique mubimenyetso byamashanyarazi kugirango bikoreshwe mumurongo wibiro. ONTs itanga ibyambu byinshi byihuse byihuta bya Ethernet, inkunga ya VoIP, hamwe nibiranga umutekano byateye imbere nka AES encryption. Isosiyete ihuza ONT na router yihuta cyane hamwe na Gigabit, ikwirakwiza interineti mumashami n'ibikoresho.
Imbonerahamwe ikurikira irerekana muri make guhuza tekinike:
| Icyerekezo | Agasanduku ka Fibre(ONT) | Modem |
|---|---|---|
| Igikorwa Cyibanze | Guhindura amashanyarazi | Guhindura ibimenyetso bya DSL |
| Kubahiriza ibipimo | GPON, XGS-PON | Ibipimo bya DSL |
| Iboneza rya Port | Ibyinshi byihuta byihuta bya Ethernet | Ibyambu bya Ethernet |
| Ibiranga umutekano | AES ibanga, kwemeza | Shingiro, biratandukana bitewe nicyitegererezo |
| Ibiranga inyongera | Ububiko bwa Bateri, VoIP, LAN idafite umugozi | Guhindura ibimenyetso by'ibanze |
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe bwerekana ko amashyirahamwe nka Eurotransplant yagabanije igiciro cya nyirubwite 40% akoresheje ibisubizo bya fibre optique kubigo bishinzwe amakuru akomeye. Abatanga serivisi, nka Netomnia, bubatse imiyoboro minini ishyigikira iterambere rya 800G hamwe na tekinoroji ya fibre optique. Izi ngero zigaragaza ihinduka kuva modem gakondo kugera kuri fibre ishingiye kubisubizo, biterwa no gukenera umurongo mwinshi, kwiringirwa, hamwe nibikorwa remezo byiteguye.
Guhitamo Hagati ya Fibre Optic Agasanduku na Modem
Ibintu ugomba gusuzuma: Umuvuduko, Utanga, hamwe no Guhuza
Guhitamo igikoresho gikwiye cyo guhuza interineti bisaba gusuzuma neza ibintu byinshi. Umuvuduko uhagaze nkibanze kubakoresha benshi. Sisitemu ishingiye kuri fibre itanga umurongo mwinshi cyane kuruta insinga cyangwa DSL ubundi buryo. Kurugero, imiyoboro ya fibre irashobora gutanga ibicuruzwa byinjira kugeza kuri 40 Gb / s bisangiwe nabakoresha, mugihe sisitemu ya kabili ikoresha DOCSIS 3.1 mubisanzwe igera kuri 1 Gb / s gusa. Ubukererwe nabwo buratandukanye cyane. Guhuza fibre akenshi bikomeza ubukererwe munsi ya milisegonda 1.5, ndetse no kure cyane. Sisitemu ya kabili, kurundi ruhande, irashobora kugira ubukererwe bwiyongera kuva kuri milisegonda 2 kugeza kuri 8 kubera uburyo bwo gutanga umurongo. Ubukererwe buke hamwe numuyoboro mwinshi bivamo uburambe bworoshye kubikorwa nko guterana amashusho, gukina kumurongo, hamwe nukuri.
Abatanga uruhare runini muguhitamo ibikoresho. Bamwe mubatwara ibikoresho byabakiriya ibikoresho, nka modem cyangwa router, nta kiguzi cyinyongera. Amabwiriza ngenderwaho arasaba abayitanga kubahiriza ibipimo ntarengwa. Nibura 80% byo gupima umuvuduko bigomba kugera kuri 80% byumuvuduko ukenewe, naho 95% byo gupima ubukererwe bigomba kuguma kuri milisegonda 100 cyangwa munsi yacyo. Abatanga isoko bagomba kandi gukora umuvuduko nubukererwe mugihe cyamasaha yo hejuru kugirango barebe imikorere ihamye. Ibi bisabwa bifasha abakoresha kugereranya ubuziranenge bwa serivisi kubatanga ibintu bitandukanye.
Guhuza bikomeje kuba ikindi kintu cyingenzi. Ibikoresho byose ntabwo bikora hamwe na buri bwoko bwurusobe. Guhindura itangazamakuru na modem bitanga intego zitandukanye. Abahindura itangazamakuru bakora ibimenyetso byoroshye guhinduranya ibimenyetso bya optique n'amashanyarazi, mugihe modem ikora modulation na demodulation kubitumanaho rya digitale. Abakoresha bagomba kugenzura ko igikoresho bahisemo gishyigikira protocole nintera isabwa nibidukikije byabo.
| Ikintu | Sisitemu ishingiye kuri fibre | Cable / DSL Sisitemu |
|---|---|---|
| Umuyoboro mwinshi | Kugera kuri 40 Gb / s (basangiye) | Kugera kuri 1 Gb / s (DOCSIS 3.1) |
| Ubukererwe busanzwe | <1.5 ms | 2-8 ms |
| Uruhare rwabatanga | Akenshi itanga ONT / Router | Akenshi itanga Modem / Router |
| Guhuza | Irasaba igikoresho cyiteguye | Irasaba kabili / modem ya DSL |
Impanuro: Buri gihe wemeze guhuza ibikoresho na serivise yawe ya interineti mbere yo kugura.
A agasanduku ka fibre optiqueGucunga amakuru ashingiye kumucyo hamwe nigipimo cyo kunanirwa kurenza modem, nkuko bigaragara hano:
| Ibigize | Igipimo cyo kunanirwa (Umwaka) |
|---|---|
| Umugozi wa fibre-optique | 0.1% kuri kilometero |
| Ibyakirwa neza | 1% |
| Ikwirakwiza ryiza | 1.5-3% |
| Shiraho Top Terminal / Modem | 7% |
Abakoresha benshi bungukirwa n'umuvuduko, kwiringirwa, hamwe n'ibishushanyo mbonera bya aagasanduku ka fibre optique.
Na: Eric
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-08-2025